比较是文化研究中的常用方法,但往往带有随意搜罗两种文化的个别内容而轻率为之的流弊。一旦揭示出文化存在的普遍本体结构而显现文化观念的意义充实的复杂模式,这种通行作法的缺陷就暴露无遗,从而撤销对它的天真信赖。文化的本体结构概念开辟了崭新的文化比较课题和比较方法。根据所描述的文化存在的本体结构,文化比较的前提是以文化的本体结构为指引进行一种文化的观念秩序梳理,继而可以参照文化的本体结构进行如下文化比较活动:文化的梳理性自我认知、文化间的建构比较、文化建构完备性比较、个别文化观念的逻辑意义比较:同位比较与错位比较。在这些比较中,本体认识是基础,逻辑立场是把文化比较引向充分和科学的规范性保障。 Comparison is a common method used in cultural studies, but it is often abhorred by the arbitrary collection of individual contents of both cultures. Once the universal noumenon of the existence of culture is revealed and a rich and complex pattern of cultural concepts is revealed, the shortcomings of such a common practice are exposed and the naivety of trust in it withdrawn. The concept of cultural ontology structure has opened up a brand new cultural comparison subject and comparative method. According to the described ontology structure of cultural existence, the precondition of cultural comparison is to sort out a kind of cultural order guided by the noumenal structure of culture, and then can conduct cultural comparative activities with reference to the ontology structure of culture as follows: cultural self-identification Comparison of the constructions of knowledge and culture, comparisons of the completeness of cultural constructions and comparison of the logical meanings of individual cultural concepts: comparison of homographies and dislocation comparison. In these comparisons, ontology is the basis of understanding, the logical position is to compare the cultural lead to adequate and scientific normative security.