在前科学时代,影响自然科学进步的因素很多,而思想、信仰的影响尤为显著。因为科学的每一次重大进步,首先是思维范式发生转换。而思维范式转换,无一不涉及人们的思想和信仰,特别是宗教信仰。在中世纪欧洲,民众的思想被基督教所禁锢,不能越雷池一步。而在传统中国,由于政治势力的强势,虽然没有出现类似的宗教钳制,但正统学说——儒学的作用绝不 In the pre-scientific era, there were many factors that affected the progress of science and the influence of ideas and beliefs was particularly significant. Because of every major step forward in science, the first is the shift in the paradigm of thinking. The paradigm shift, all related to people’s thoughts and beliefs, especially religious beliefs. In medieval Europe, the people’s minds were imprisoned by Christianity and could not move beyond the thunderclap. In traditional China, due to the strong political forces, although no similar religious restraint, but the orthodox theory - the role of Confucianism must not