古代戏曲优伶出于生存需要必须游艺,“游艺”对他们来说并非优游的生活方式,常常只是一种被动选择。在戏曲优伶的“游艺”历程中,中国古典戏曲的虚拟化、程式化特征以及剧种的多样性特点渐次形成。同时,正是由于生存竞争的需要,戏曲优伶又往往能够“游于艺”。“游于艺”是对戏曲表演技巧的掌握和自由运用,是符合表演程式又能游刃有余、呈现程式之美的精湛演出。戏曲优伶“游艺”与“游于艺”的生存状态体现了庄子所谓技与道的关系。 Ancient opera actor you must play for survival needs, “entertainment ” for them is not a good way of life, often just a passive choice. In the course of “entertainment” of opera actor, the characteristics of virtualization, stylization and variety of Chinese classical opera gradually formed. At the same time, it is precisely because of the need of survival and competition, opera actor often can “swim in art”. “Yu Yu Yi ” is the mastery of drama performance skills and the free use of, is in line with the performance program and can ease, showing the beauty of the program’s superb performance. The living conditions of the opera actor You You, Zhuangzi, “entertainment” and “wandering in art” embody the so-called relationship between technology and Taoism.