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反基础主义是后现代哲学的一个基本理论倾向,与基础主义具有相反的意义。基础主义认为,任何知识都存在一个坚实的、不容置疑的、不可动摇的基础。在认识论中体现为“镜喻”模式,它把心灵比作一面具有表征能力的镜子,而哲学家的任务就是审视、修理和磨光这面镜子。罗蒂通过对哲学史的研究,否认了这面镜子的存在,彻底地批判了从柏拉图到现代的分析哲学中的这种基础主义思想,从根本上消解了哲学的认识论根基。他最后宣布以追求基础的体系性的“大哲学”为终结,提出他的“教化哲学”转向实用主义的解释学。
Anti-foundationalism is a basic theoretical tendency of post-modern philosophy, which has the opposite meaning to basicism. Fundamentalism holds the view that there is a solid, indisputable and unshakable foundation for any knowledge. In epistemology it is embodied as a “mirror metaphorical” model, which compares the mind to a mirror with the ability to represent, and the philosopher’s task is to examine, repair and polish this mirror. Through the study of philosophical history, Rorty denied the existence of this mirror, thoroughly criticized this basicism thought from Plato to the modern analytical philosophy, and fundamentally resolved the epistemological foundation of philosophy. He finally announced the end of “Systemic Philosophy”, which pursues the foundation, and proposed that his “philosophy of enlightenment” should turn to the pragmatism of hermeneutics.