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支气管哮喘是一种由于变态反应、植物性神经功能失调引起的广泛性、可逆性小支气管痉挛。临床上以发作性呼吸困难、喘鸣为主要特征。感染、气温骤变、动物皮屑、霉菌孢子以及某些有机粉尘等,部是支气管哮喘的致病或诱发因素。在生产环境中吸入或接触某种物质引起的咳嗽,继而发生哮喘,则称为职业性哮喘。国外调查资料表现,约有20％的哮喘患者是由职业因素引起的。在日本,有人认为男性哮喘患者中约有15％属于职业性哮喘。目前有许多国家都将职业性哮喘列为法定职业病。
Bronchial asthma is a widespread, reversible bronchospasm caused by allergic, autonomic nerve dysfunction. Clinically with episodic dyspnea, wheezing as the main feature. Infection, sudden temperature changes, animal dander, mold spores, and some organic dusts are the causative or predisposing factors for bronchial asthma. Cough caused by inhalation or exposure to a substance in the manufacturing environment, followed by asthma, is called occupational asthma. Foreign survey data show that about 20% of asthma patients are caused by occupational factors. In Japan, it is thought that about 15% of male patients with asthma are occupational asthma. At present, many countries have classified occupational asthma as a legal occupational disease.