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“社会分工”概念在马克思思想中有着重要的地位,它不仅影响生产力水平的提高,而且影响到人的发展。自然分工条件下,人与人之间更多是共性,而缺乏差异性,因而是未发展的“原初状态”。自发分工条件下,人得到了片面发展,但又完全变成了物的统治工具。自觉分工条件下,劳动不再是奴役人的手段,而是解放人的手段,人实现了自由全面发展。马克思关于社会分工与人发展的思想遵循了辩证法规律:人对人的依赖(人的共性)——人对物的依赖(人的片面发展、差异性)——人的自由全面发展(差异性的统一)。
The concept of “social division of labor” plays an important role in Marx’s thinking. It not only affects the improvement of the productive forces but also affects the development of human beings. Under the condition of natural division of labor, people are more commonalities and less difference, and therefore they are undeveloped “original state ”. Under the condition of spontaneous division of labor, one has been unilaterally developed, but it has completely become the governing tool of things. Under the condition of conscious division of labor, labor is no longer a means of enslavement, but a means of liberating people and free and all-round development of people. Marx’s thought of social division of labor and human development follows the law of dialectics: human dependence on human beings (human commonality) - human dependence on things (one-sided development of man, difference) - free and comprehensive development of man Unity).