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对20世纪西方文论进行全面的总结梳理在当下很有必要,因为其不仅关系着西方文论在新世纪的走向,也对中国文论的建构有重要的启示意义。概括说来,20世纪西方文论的纵向发展呈现出一种明显的对话姿态,每一种新的文学理论通常都经过“破—立”的过程;同时,它们又呈现出一种三维发展模式,即本文所归纳的文学发生论、文学本体论和文学功能论。在将文学功能无限扩大化的形势下,西方文论的下一步走向似乎成为可以预示的了,本文的出发点即在这里。
It is necessary for us to make a comprehensive summary of western literary theory in the 20th century because it is not only related to the trend of western literary theory in the new century but also has important implications for the construction of Chinese literary theory. To sum up, the longitudinal development of western literary theory in the 20th century presented a clear dialogue attitude. Every new literary theory usually went through the process of “breaking-up”; at the same time, they presented a three-dimensional Development model, that is, the theory of literature ontology, the theory of literature ontology and the theory of literature summarized in this article. Under the circumstance of unlimited enlargement of literary functions, the next step of western literary theory seems to be predictable. The starting point of this article is here.