Background Low back pain (LBP) is a major medical and social problem among working populations ana is associated with high medical expense,loss of productivity,and disability.The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of LBP among soldiers and evaluate the possible causative factors in military training.The results may provide an insight into changes needed in military training that will reduce the occurrence of LBP among soldiers.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a group of young soldiers in China to estimate the prevalence of LBP and evaluate possible causative factors in military training.Results The survey was distributed to 1659 soldiers,of whom 1624 responded.LBP was reported by 425 of the 1624 (26.2％) soldiers.The prevalence of LBP was higher in the armored force (51.3％) than in the artillery (27.5％) or infantry (11.9％).A multivariate logical regression analysis identified night training,5 km cross-country race,and grenade-throwing training as military training risk factors for LBP.Conclusions The relatively high incidence of LBP among soldiers was related to night training,5 km racing,and grenade throwing.Modifications in these training methods should enhance the health of recruits and lower the incidence of LBP.