通过研究黄土高原典型林木根际土壤微生物群落结构,为正确评价该生态恢复区土壤环境恢复状况提供理论依据.利用湿筛倾析法、涂平板法和BIOLOG法研究了陕北黄土高原4种典型林木丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)孢子密度与土壤微生物群落结构多样性.结果表明,沙棘AMF孢子密度为刺槐的2.24倍,顺序为沙棘>狼牙刺>柠条>刺槐,不同林木土壤细菌和放线菌数量达极显著差异(p<0.01),真菌数量差异不显著(p>0.05).同一林木土壤细菌对BIOLOG-ECO板中碳源的利用优势种类和利用程度呈现明显的差异性;主成分分析表明对主成分1和主成分2贡献大的碳源为14种和8种,柠条和沙棘土壤典型变量值的变异(离散)较小,而狼牙刺和刺槐土壤典型变量值的变异较大.相关性分析表明,AMF孢子密度与细菌数量、氨基酸类、多胺类和芳香化合物类碳源呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),与真菌数量、放线菌数量和细菌总代谢活性呈显著正相关(p<0.05),但是与羧酸类、糖类和多聚物类碳源相关性不显著(p>0.05).AMF孢子密度可以作为评价陕北黄土高原林木土壤细菌生理代谢类群及其多样性的环境生物学指标. By studying the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere soil of typical forests in the Loess Plateau, it provides a theoretical basis for the correct assessment of the soil environment recovery in this ecological restoration area.Using wet sieve decantation, smear-flat method and BIOLOG method, The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore density and soil microbial community structure diversity showed that the AMF density of seabuckthorn was 2.24 times of that of acacia, the order was Seabuckthorn> Spike> Caragana> Robinia 0.05) .The dominant species and degree of utilization of carbon sources in the BIOLOG-ECO planted in the same forest soil were obvious . The principal component analysis showed that there were 14 and 8 carbon sources that contributed greatly to the principal component 1 and principal component 2, while the variance (discrete) of the typical variable values ​​of C. korshinskii and seabuckthorn soils was smaller. However, The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation (P <0.01) between AMF spore density and the number of bacteria, amino acids, polyamines and aromatic carbon sources (p <0.01) , The number of actinomycetes was significantly and positively correlated with the total bacterial metabolic activity (p <0.05), but not with the carbon sources of carboxylic acids, carbohydrates and polymers (p> 0.05) .The spore density of AMF could be used as Evaluation of Environmental Bacteria of Soil Bacterial Physiological Metabolism and Diversity in the Loess Plateau of Shannxi Province.