《梅骨芳华》共四个章节,分别为:梅风弹弦、华之瑰宝、兰韵击节、芳音缭绕。
梅风弹弦主要呈现梅兰芳的人生轨迹,对梅兰芳的家世背景、从艺经历、艺术成就、亲朋好友、家庭成员、得意门生等都一一做了勾勒。梅兰芳与友人之間的艺术佳话,尤其让人印象深刻。“民初梅畹华方露头角,实力捧场集团,有梅党之称,若冯幼伟、李释戡、黄秋岳、齐如山诸先生,皆为主力分子,聊公张先生亦其中健将也,或谓梅之成功,实梅党同仁之功,当无疑问。”“冯幼伟是扶植梅兰芳艺术的核心人物,而齐如山、李释戡则从编剧到艺术创作都发挥了重要作用。”他们与梅兰芳相知相惜相扶,帮助梅兰芳成长为一代宗师,让人感怀。
华之瑰宝主要介绍了20出梅兰芳代表性的表演剧目。“今天能够统计的梅兰芳公开演出剧目有一百六七十出,其中既有传统正工青衣戏、昆曲,也有古装新戏、时装新戏、反串戏等”,其中“最具有代表性的几部戏,以《宇宙锋》《贵妃醉酒》《霸王别姬》《生死恨》《游园惊梦》为核心,观众习惯称之为‘梅八出’,但并不一定正好八出,这一类代表剧目还包括《凤还巢》《抗金兵》《奇双会》《洛神》《天女散花》《穆桂英挂帅》等。”本书对这些代表作品进行了栩栩如生的描述。
兰韵击节则表现梅兰芳的精湛技艺及丰富革新,无论长绸舞、剑舞、扇舞等的舞蹈创设,还是唱功、念白、身段、位置、神情等的变化革新,亦或音乐演奏及曲调的衍展丰富等,无不娓娓道来,让人如入山阴道上,美不胜收。
从左到右:梅兰芳(左)与李释戡合影; 梅兰芳(右)与齐如山合影。 芳音缭绕则从梅兰芳的国际影响及戏曲电影的拍摄等入手,展示其在推广京剧艺术上的杰出贡献。梅兰芳通过到日本、美国、前苏联的访问演出,逐渐把京剧艺术推向世界舞台。他与卓别林、泰戈尔、斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基等国际大师的交往与友谊,亦成为文化交流史上的一段段佳话。早在1920年,他就从拍摄无声片《天女散花》和《春香闹学》开始接触电影。1948年,他又主演了中国第一部彩色有声影片《生死恨》。此后,他又在戏曲电影上不断实践,留下了一部部佳作。梅兰芳一直重视利用电影传播戏曲艺术,他跨艺术种类的探索、借鉴、融合以及梅派艺术随时代前进的革新精神,令人钦佩。
梅兰芳先生是“美的创造者”,被誉为“美的化身”。《梅骨芳华——梅兰芳极限片集》一书也力求精美,以最大限度地呈现梅先生之美。此书为全彩色铜版纸印刷,20开本,近200页,排版精良,并赠被誉为“千古绝照”的梅兰芳《生死恨》剧照明信片一枚,出版的成本非常高。但编著者张国良不惜财力,他说,这本书于他不是作品也不是商品,而是一份礼物,一份资深“梅派粉丝”、集邮爱好者献给梅派艺术两代大师的礼物。
從左到右:1917年《天女散花》剧照;1929年日本发行的《黛玉葬花》明信片;1929年日本发行的《穆柯寨》明信片。 美哉,梅骨芳华!美哉,《梅骨芳华》!愿美永远为人珍惜追求,愿美永驻人间!
A Philatelic Biography of Mei Lanfang
By Ye Yanli
A new book dedicated to Mei Lanfang (1894-1961), one of the most famous Peking opera artists in modern Chinese theater, was released by Zhejiang People’s Fine Arts Publishing House in March of 2016. The Peking opera master died in Beijing in 1961, at the age of only 67.
The book is the first one in the publishing history of China to combine philately with biography. The prologue was contributed by Mei Baojiu, the son of Mei Lanfang. He passed away only a month after writing the preface.
Zhang Guoliang, the compiler of the book, is an avid philatelist and a huge fan of Man Lanfang. He is also a member of Zhejiang Philately Association and Vice Chair of Taizhou Philately Society. HisMei Lanfang-themed stamp and postcard collection took about four decades’ unfailing endeavor, and won a Gold Award from the 2009 China Philatelic Exhibition held in Chongqing. The postcards include out-of-print creations from the Republican Period of China and Japan. The stamps include a set issued in 1962 in commemoration of the virtuoso Peking Opera artistry of Mei Lanfang, and a rare collection of imperforated pieces and stamps issued in other countries to pay tribute to the great ‘cultural ambassador’.
Many items in the collection presented in the book are not included by the Mei Lanfang Memorial Museum in Beijing.
The 200-page book is composed of four chapters that cover the artist’s personal life, his representative repertoire and unrivalled artistry and innovation, and great accomplishments in spreading Beijing Opera to foreign countries. The book devotes many pages in the first chapter to Mei’s lifelong friendship with all the key figures - such as Feng Youwei, Huang Qiuyue and Qirushan - the performing master worked closely with throughout his life.
For Mr. Zhang Guoliang, the book is a long-cherished wish coming to life, and a special gift he crafted on behalf of all the hard-core fans of Mei Lanfang.
Mei Lanfang was exclusively known for his female lead roles (dan) and particularly his “verdant-robed girls” (qingyi), young or middle-aged women of grace and refinement. He was considered one of the “Four Great Dans”, along with Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng.
Mei was the first artist to spread Beijing Opera to foreign countries, participating in cultural exchanges with Japan, the United States, the Soviet Union and other regions. He toured the world, forming friendships with the western contemporaries of his day, including Charlie Chaplin, Rabindranath
Tagore, and Konstantin Stanislavski. In 1930 he toured North America, visiting Hollywood, where he was welcomed by Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford.
In 1935, Mei Lanfang toured Europe, playing to appreciative audiences in Berlin and Moscow. Seeing Mei perform especially impressed the German playwright Bertold Brecht and influenced his concept of the alienation effect.
Mei Lanfang also contributed his artistry to China’s cinematic art, actively taking part in the production of several silent films in as early as 1920 and playing the leading role in the country’s first color film in 1948. He was also a great innovator in spreading the art of Peking Opera on the big screen. Throughout his life, he never fell behind the times.
In his 50-year stage career, he maintained strong continuity while always working on new techniques. The artist’s determination in breaking the norms constitutes a significant part in his charisma both as a performing art master and as a person.