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本文比较全面地从“耕地——牵引式耕地机组——人”系统的角度出发,分析对比了履带拖拉机耕地机组发生偏牵引情况下系统中各环节之间的定性和定量关系,并阐述了近似的数学、力学模型。为了使现有机组工作质量、能耗、工效、劳动强度向最优方向努力,通过分析阐述了所采取技术改装措施的依据和效果。这些改装措施从1962年开始,三十年来已在江苏省推广使用。经有关生产单位的长期使用证明,在条件相同的情况下,采用改装技术比改装前耕地质量有明显提高;油料消耗节约11.8％～13.9％;工效提高10％～48％;驾驶员的劳动强度下降(按拉动操向杆的总次数反映)57％～130％。本文从进一步减轻机组的偏牵引出发,提出了对履带拖拉机的宽度、牵引力和土壤比阻,犁体耕宽之间应满足的一定数量关系,对今后不同土壤、地区、机组的选型、设计有一定的参考价值。本文以“人——机”工程学的方法对偏牵引耕地机组方位的闭环控制系统列出了信息的传输、控制和反馈过程,并提出了近似的数学模型。初步分析了降低驾驶员劳动强度和提高工效的关键和方向。
In this paper, from the perspective of “arable land-tractor-type cultivator-people system”, this paper analyzes and compares the qualitative and quantitative relationships among the links in the system under the circumstance of partial traction of crawler tractor cultivated units, and expounds the approximate Mathematical and mechanical model. In order to make the work quality, energy consumption, work efficiency and labor intensity of the existing units work hard in the optimal direction, the basis and effect of the technical modification measures adopted are analyzed. These modifications started in 1962 and have been promoted in Jiangsu Province for three decades. After the long-term use of the relevant production units proved that under the same conditions, the use of modified technology significantly improved the quality of cultivated land before modification; fuel consumption savings of 11.8% ~ 13.9%; work efficiency increased by 10% ~ 48%; driver’s labor intensity Descent (Reflected by the total number of times the joystick is pulled) 57% ~ 130%. In order to further reduce the partial pull of the unit, a certain number of relations should be satisfied for the width, traction, soil specific resistance and plow width of crawler tractor. In the future, the selection of the different soil, Have a certain reference value. In this paper, the process of information transmission, control and feedback is listed with the method of human-machine engineering. The approximate mathematical model is proposed. The key and direction of reducing driver’s labor intensity and improving work efficiency are analyzed preliminarily.