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目的分析2010—2012年中国老年居民食盐摄入状况。方法利用2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测数据,对60岁及以上老年人采用家庭连续3天24小时膳食回顾和调味品称重法进行膳食调查,依据家庭成员能量摄入比例计算个体食盐摄入。结果中国老年人平均每日食盐摄入量为(8.8±6.8)g/d,男性(9.5±7.2)g/d,女性(8.2±6.3)g/d。城市和农村分别为(7.9±6.2)g/d和(9.9±7.2)g/d。大城市、中小城市、普通农村和贫困农村老年人食盐摄入量分别为(7.3±5.8)g/d、(8.6±6.6)g/d、(9.9±6.9)g/d和(10.1±7.9)g/d。随年龄和家庭收入升高,老年人食盐摄入量均呈下降趋势。随着文化程度提高,老年人食盐摄入量呈先升高后下降的趋势。与《中国居民膳食指南》2016版相比,仅有37.7%的老年人食盐摄入量在6 g以下,41.0%摄入水平在6~11 g,仍有高达21.4%的老年人食盐摄入量高于12 g。城市老年人食盐<6 g、6~11 g、12 g及以上摄入水平所占百分比分别为43.4%,40.3%和16.3%;农村老年人食盐<6 g、6~11 g、12 g及以上摄入水平所占百分比分别为30.7%,41.7%和27.6%。结论中国城乡老年人食盐摄入量仍处于较高水平,建议老年人逐渐降低食盐摄入量。
Objective To analyze the status of salt intake of Chinese elderly residents from 2010 to 2012. Methods According to the monitoring data of nutrition and health status of Chinese residents from 2010 to 2012, the dietary survey was conducted on the aged 60 years old and over for 24 hours with the family for three days for 24 hours and the condiment weighing method. The individuals were calculated according to the proportion of energy intake of family members Salt intake. Results The average daily salt intake of Chinese elderly was (8.8 ± 6.8) g / d, male (9.5 ± 7.2) g / d and female (8.2 ± 6.3) g / d. The urban and rural areas were (7.9 ± 6.2) g / d and (9.9 ± 7.2) g / d, respectively. Salt intake was (7.3 ± 5.8) g / d, (8.6 ± 6.6) g / d, (9.9 ± 6.9) g / d and (10.1 ± 7.9) days in urban areas, small and medium cities, rural areas and poor rural areas respectively ) g / d. With age and family income increased, the elderly salt intake showed a downward trend. With the improvement of education, the salt intake of the elderly first increased and then decreased. Compared with the 2016 version of “Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents,” only 37.7% of the elderly had less than 6 grams of salt intake, 41.0% of the intake level was 6-11 grams, and up to 21.4% of the elderly still had salt intake Above 12 g. The percentage of elderly people with salt <6 g, 6 ~ 11 g, 12 g and above was 43.4%, 40.3% and 16.3%, respectively; the salt content in rural elderly was <6 g, 6-11 g, 12 g and The above levels of intake were 30.7%, 41.7% and 27.6% respectively. Conclusion The intake of salt in the elderly in urban and rural areas in China is still at a high level, and it is suggested that the elderly gradually reduce salt intake.