We reported the expression and function of aquaglyceroporin AQP3 in mouse peripheral nervous system. AQP3 mRNA was identified in freshly isolated mouse sciatic nerve by RT-PCR. Immunofluorescence using AQP3 antibody localized the protein expression in the myelin sheathe of sciatic nerve fibers. Although primary morpholo- gical evaluation of sciatic nerves from AQP3-knockout and wildtype mice revealed no significant difference, biochemical analysis demonstrated remarkably decreased glycerol and ATP contents in freshly isolated AQP3-knockout sciatic nerve. The study indicates an important role of facilitated glycerol transport mechanism in peripheral nerve energy metabolism.