唐松草属六新种

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  摘要: 描述了毛茛科唐松草属六新种:(1)大关唐松草,发现自云南东北部,与多枝唐松草甚为近缘,区别为其小叶较厚,较大,多呈卵形或宽卵形,心皮花柱较短,稍向后弯曲,瘦果呈新月形。(2)宽柱唐松草,发现自甘肃南部,其特征为心皮花柱扁平,近长圆形,腹面无柱头或柱头组织,据此特征可与此属中国其他种区别。(3)六脉萼唐松草,发现自四川中部,与白茎唐松草近缘,区别为其茎和小叶有毛,萼片具六条脉,一些雄蕊的花药败育,子房被短柔毛,柱头无翅。(4)吉隆唐松草,发现自西藏南部,与白茎唐松草甚为近缘,区别为小托叶卵形、急尖,复单歧聚伞花序一条顶生,无侧生者,雄蕊花药呈狭长圆形,顶端钝,无短尖头。(5)螺柱唐松草,发现自云南西北部,可能与白茎唐松草有亲缘关系,区别为其萼片具1条脉,花有4~5枚雄蕊,心皮花柱顶部螺旋状弯曲,柱头不明显。(6)札达唐松草,发现自西藏西南部,与多叶唐松草近缘,区别为其小叶顶端急尖,边缘具尖牙齿,聚伞圆锥花序具少数分枝和少数花,萼片狭卵形,花药狭长圆形。
  关键词: 毛茛科, 唐松草属, 新种, 中国
  中图分类号: Q949.746.5
  文献标识码: A
  文章编号: 10003142(2017)06067510
  Abstract: Six species of the genus Thalictum (Ranunculaceae) are described as new from China: (1) Thalictrum daguanense, described from northeastern Yunnan Province, is closely related to T. ramosum Boivin, differing from the latter in its thicker, larger and mostly ovate leaflets, shorter and slightly recurved carpel styles, and lunate achene. (2) T. latistylum, described from southern Gansu Province, is charcterized by its flattend suboblong carpel style adaxially without stigma or any stigmatic tissue, and by this unique character can be distinguished from other chinese species of Thalictrum. (3) T. sexnervisepalum, described from central Sichuan Province, is related to T. leuconotum Franch., differing from the latter in its hairy stem and laeflets, 6nerved sepals, some stamens with abortive anthers, puberulous ovariies, and not winged stigmas. (4) T. jilongense, described from southern Xizang Zizhiqu, is closely related to T. leuconotum Franch., differing from the latter in its ovate, acute stipels, thyrses without lateral compound monochasia, and narrowly oblong and not mucronate anthers. (5) T. spiristylum, described from northwestern Yunnan Provice,is probably related to T. leuconotum Franch., differing from the latter in its 1nerved sepals, 45staminate flower, spiraly curved style apex, and inconspicuous stigma. (6) T. zhadaense, described from southwestern Xizang Zizhiqu, is related to T. foliolosum DC., differing from the latter in its acute and acutely dentate leaflets, fewbranched and fewflowered thyreses, narrowovate sepals and narrowoblong anthers.
  Key words: Ranunculaceae, Thalictrum, new species, China
  1. 大關唐松草图1
  Thalictrum daguanense W. T. Wang, sp. nov.Fig.1.
  Ob herbam totam glabram, monochasium compositum pauciflorum corymbiforme, flores parvos, staminum filamentorum partes superas quam has inferas latiores, antheras oblongasspecies nova haec est arcte affinis T. ramoso Boivin, a quo foliolis crasssioribus papyraceis leviter majoribus usque ad 2.8 cm longis et 2.6 cm latis plerumque ovatis vel late ovatis, carpellorum stylis brevioribus 0.5 mm longis apice leviter recurvis haud circinnatis et acheniis lunatis differt.   In T. ramoso, foliola membranacea minora usque ad 2 cm longa et 1.5 cm lata plerumque orbiculariovata, carpellorum styli 0.8 mm longi apeice circinnati, et achenia anguste lanceolata sunt.
  Perennial herb, with terrestial vegetative and reproductive organs all glabrous. Stem ca. 30 cm tall, near base 1.5 mm in diam., with 3 cauline leaves. Basal leaves withered at anthesis, not seen. Cauline leaves 2ternate, long petiolate; blades 7-15 × 6-11 cm; leaflets papery, broadly ovate, ovate, or elliptic, 1.2-2.8 × 0.5-2.6 cm, at apex slightly acute, at base rounded, subtruncate or subcordate, 3lobed, with usually central lobes obtusely 2(3)dentate and lateral lobes 1denticulate or entire, 5nerved, with nerves adaxially flat and abaxially prominent and with nervules froming conspicuous nervous nets; petiolules slender, 0.1-2.1 cm long; petioles 5.2-13.5 cm long. Compound monochasium terminal, corymbiform, ca. 2.5 × 2 cm, 6flowered; bracts often caducous, subulate, ca. 4 mm long; pedicels 0.8-1.1 cm long. Flower: Sepals caducous, not seen. Stamens ca. 28, 5-6 mm long; filaments 4-5 mm long, above linear, 0.2-0.35 mm broad, below filiform, ca. 0.1 mm across; anthers oblong, 0.8-1 × 0.3-0.5 mm, apex obtuse. Carpels 7-11, ca. 2 mm long; ovary obliquely and narrowly obovate, ca. 1.5 × 0.5 mm; style 0.5 mm long, apex slightly recurved, adaxially with an inconspicuous stigma. Young achenes lunate, ca. 1.5 × 0.5 mm, on each side longitudinally 3ribbed; persistent style 0.3 mm long.
  云南省 (Yunnan Provine): 大關县,联合村,罩子沟 (Daguan Xian, Lianhe Cun, Zhaozigou), alt. 1 800 m,山沟森林或灌丛;植物常见;花白色或淡紫色,花蕾紫色 (under forest or bush in valley; plants locally common; fls. white or tinged with purplish, and flower buds purple), 19730617,孙必兴 (B. X. Sun) 644 (holotype, PE)。
  本种的所有地上营养和生殖器官均无毛,复单歧聚伞花序具少数花,伞房花序状,花小,雄蕊花丝的上部比下部宽,花药长圆形,因此,与也具上述特征的多枝唐松草(Thalictrum ramosum Boivin)有很近的亲缘关系,与后者的区别在于本种的小叶在质地上较厚,纸质,比较大,长达2.8 cm,宽达2.6 cm,多呈卵形或宽卵形,心皮花柱较短,长0.5 mm,顶端稍向后弯曲,不拳卷,瘦果呈新月形。在多枝唐松草,小叶膜质,较小,长达2 cm,宽达1.5 cm,多呈卵圆形,心皮花柱长0.8 mm,顶端拳卷,瘦果呈狭披针形(王文采和王蜀秀, 1979)。
  2. 宽柱唐松草图2
  Thalictrum latistylum W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 2
  Species nova haec carpelli stylo applanato suboblongo ventro stigmate vel textura stigmatica carente insignis est, et cum characteri unico hoc a generis Thalictri speciebus sinensibus ceteris distinguitur. In generis Thalictri speciebus sinensibus ceteris, carpelli stylus vulgo graciliter subulatoteres et ventro stigmate vel textura stigmata praeditus est.   Prennial herbs. Stems ca. 50 cm tall, near base ca. 4 mm in diam., glabrous, below longitudinally shallowly 6sulcate, above branched. Basal and lower cauline leaves withered during anthesis. Middle and upper cauline leaves 23ternate, shortly petiolate; blades 2-7 × 4-10 cm; leaflets thinly papery, broadly obovate, suborbicular, orbroadly ovate, 0.4-1.6 × 0.4-2 cm, at base rounded or subcordate, obtusely 3lobed or 3fid, with lobes at apex obtuse or rounded,entire or obtusely 12dentate, rarely 3lobulate, adaxially glabrous, abaxially glandularpuberulous (hairs 0.1-0.2 mm long), 35nerved, with nerves adaxially flat and abaxially slightly prominent; petiolules filiform, 2-4 mm long, glabrous; petioles 0.3-2 cm long, glabrous or puberulous (hairs ca. 0.2 mm long). Compound monochasia terminal, 3.5-4.5 cm long, 46flowered; bracts foliaceous, ternate, 0.5-3 cm long; pedicels slender, 0.2-1.5 cm long, glabrous. Flower: Sepals 4, white, oblongelliptic, ca. 4 × 2 mm, glabrous, longitudinally 3nerved, apex rounded.
  Stamens 35-50, glabrous; filaments narrowly linear, 2.5-3 mm long, above 0.2-0.25 mm broad, below ca. 0.15 mm broad; anthers yellowish, oblong, 0.8-1 × 0.4 mm, apexobtuse. Carpels 4, glabrous; ovary obliquely narrowly obovate, ca. 1 × 0.5 mm, above with style longitudinally 1nerved; style flattened, suboblong, ca. 0.8 × 0.35 mm, apex obtuse; stigma wanting.
  甘肅省(Gansu Province):文县,白水江自然保护区,邱家坝(Wen Xian, Baishuijiang Nature Reserve, Qiujiaba), alt. 2 900 m, 山顶山坡草丛, 花白色(among grasses on slope of mount summit, fls. white), 20060627, 白水江考察队(Baishuijiang Exped.) 0454 (holotype, PE)。
  本种的特征是心皮的花柱扁平,近长圆形,在腹面无柱头或柱头组织,根据此一特征可与我国唐松草属的其他种相区别。在我国此属的其他种,心皮的花柱呈细钻状圆柱形,在其腹面生出柱头或柱头组织(王文采和王蜀秀, 1979)。
  3. 六脉萼唐松草 图3
  Thalictrum sexnervisepalum W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 3.
  Species nova haec. est affinis T. leuconoto Franch., a quo caulibus prope nodos sparse puberulis, foliolis subtus granuliferis et ad nervos hirtellis, sepalis 6nervibus, staminibus aliquibus antheras abortivas gerentibus et in staminodia mutatis, ovariis minute puberulis et stigmatibus haud alatis differt. In T. leuconoto, caules cum foliis glabri, folia haud granulifera, sepala 3nervia, stamina omnia antheris fertilibus praedita, ovaria glabra, et stigmata utrinque anguste alata sunt.
  Perennial herbs. Stems ca. 1 m tall, near base ca. 5 mm in diam., near nodes with sparse short hairs ca. 0.1 mm long, elsewhere glabrous, above branched. Lower cauline leaves withered during anthesis. Upper cauline leaves 3ternatepinnate, shortly petiolate; blades 7-15 × 7-15 cm; leaflets papery, broadly ovate, ovate, obovate or broadly elliptic, 0.6-1.6 × 0.5-1.4 cm, at apex slightly acute or rounded, at base rounded or subcordate, 3lobed, with lobes 12dentate or entire, adaxially glabrous, abaxially with white, small granules 0.1-0.12 mm in diam, and on nerves hirtellous (hairs short, thick, hyaline, 0.2-0.4 mm long), 35nerved, with nerves adaxially flat or slithtly impressed and abaxially prominent; petiolules filiform, 0.05-1.5 cm long, glabrous; petioles 0.5-1 cm long, glabrous, base narrowly vaginate. Compound monochasia terminal, those borne on stem apex ca. 15 cm long, racemelike, sparsely 10flowered, those borne on branch apex 2.5-5 cm long, 34flowered; rachis with pedicels glabrous; bracts foliaceous; pedicels filiform, 6-10 mm long. Flower: Sepals 4(?), white, membranous, broadly elliptic, ca. 3 × 2 mm, glabrous, longitudinally 6purplenerved, apex obtuse. Stamens 12-32, glabrous, of them some being staminodia, bearing abortive anthers; filaments narrowly linear, 2.8-4.2 mm long, above 0.1-0.2 mm broad, below 0.05-0.1 mm broad; anthers of fertile stamens sublinear or narrowly oblong, 0.8-1 × 0.2 mm, apex obtuse, those of staminodia sublinear or narrowly lunulate, 0.4-1 × 0.1-0.15 mm, apex obtuse or acute. Carples 8-10, ca. 3 mm long; ovary narrowly obovate, ca. 1.5 × 0.5 mm, minutely puberulous (hairs 0.05-0.1 mm long), base with a stipe ca. 0.5 mm long; style ca. 1.5 mm long; stigma narrowly oblong, ca. 0.8 mm long, with dense stigmatic tissue.   四川省(Sichuan Province):崇州市,鞍子河自然保护区,鸡冠山 (Chongzhou Shi, Anzihe Nature Reserve, Jiguan Shan), alt. 3 100 m, 草丛,植株高0.8~1 m,花白色 (plants growing among grasses, 0.8-1 mm tall, fls. white),20070729,冯正波,朱大海,李小杰 (Z. B. Feng, D. H. Zhu & X. J. Li) 4214 (holotype, PE)。
  本种在亲缘关系方面接近白茎唐松草 (Thalictrum leuconotum Franch.), 区别在于本种的茎近节处有稀疏短柔毛,小叶背面有小颗粒,并在脉上被透明短粗毛,萼片有6条纵脉,在雄蕊中有一些为退化雄蕊,具退化的花药,子房被极短柔毛,柱头无翅。在白茎唐松草,茎和叶均无毛,小叶背面无颗粒,萼片有3条纵脉,全部雄蕊的花药均能育,子房无毛,柱头在两侧各有一条狭翅(王文采和王蜀秀, 1979)。
  4. 吉隆唐松草图4
  Thalictrum jilongense W. T. Wang, sp. nov.Fig. 4.
  Species nova haec est arcte affinis T. leuconoto Franch., a quo stipellis ovatis apice acutis, monochasiis compositis lateralibus absentibus, antheris anguste oblongis apice obtusis haud mucroantis recedit. In T. leuconoto, stipella orbitulariovata apice rotundata , monochasia composita lateralia 3-5 cum monochasio composito terminali thyrsum terminalem formantia, antherae oblongae apice conspicue mucronatae sunt.
  Perennial herbs, totally glabrous. Stems ca. 60 cm tall, near base ca. 2.5 mm in diam., simple, ca. 5leaved. Basal and lowermost cauline leaves withered during anthesis, other cauline leaves 3ternatepinnate, long or shortly petiolate; blades broadly triangular, up to
  5.8 × 14 cm; leaflets papery, broadly obovate or suborbicular, 0.4-1.3 × 0.3-0.9 cm, at apex rounded, at base rounded, broadly cuneate or subcordate, 23lobed or 23fid, with lobes at apex rounded or obruse, mostly entire, rarely obtusely 12denticulate, 3nerved, with nerves on both surfaces flat, and with conspicuous nervous nets; petiolules wangting or present, 1-3 mm long; stipels opposite, white, membranous, ovate, 2-3 × 1-1.8 mm, apex acute; petioles 0.5-6.5 cm long. Compound monochasium terminal, ca. 4 cm long, racemelike, densely 10flowered, lateral compound monochasia wanting; bracts foliaceous, 1-3 cm long; pedicels filiform, 3-7 mm long. Flower: Sepals 4, white, broadly elliptic, ca. 2.8 × 2 mm, inconspicuously longitudinally 3nerved, apex rounded. Stamens 7-10; filaments filiform, ca. 3 mm long; anthers yellow, narrowly oblong, ca. 2 × 0.4 mm, apex obtuse. Carpels 3-4; ovary narrowly obovate or long elliptic, 2 × 0.5-0.6 mm; style 1 mm long; stigma narrowly oblong, ca. 0.8 × 0.35 mm, on each side with a narrow wing.
  西藏自治區(Xizang Zizhiqu):吉隆县,汝戈喇嘛庙山上 (Jilong Xian, on mountain behind the Ruge Temple), alt. 3 600 m,林下,花白色 (plants being under forest, with white flowers), 19720617, 西藏中草药队 (Xizang Med. Pl. Exped.) 309 (holotype, PE)。   本种在亲缘关系方面与白茎唐松草(Thalictrum leuconotum Franch.)甚为接近,区别在于本种的小托叶卵形,顶端急尖,无侧生的复单歧聚伞花序(花序只具1条顶生似总状花序的复单歧聚伞花序),雄蕊花药呈长圆形,顶端钝,无短尖头。在白茎唐松草,小托叶圆卵形,顶端圆形,顶生聚伞圆锥花序由3~5条侧生复单歧聚伞花序和1条顶生复单歧聚伞花序组成,雄蕊花药呈长圆形,顶端具明显短尖头。
  5. 螺柱唐松草图5
  Thalictrum spiristylum W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 5
  Ob monohasia composita racemis similia et staminum filamenta filiformia species nova haec est fortasse affinis T. leuconoto Franch., a quo sepalis 1nervibus, flore stamina 4-5 tantum gerente, carpellorum stylis prope apicem spiraliter curvatis, stigmatibus inconspicuis haud alatis praeclare differt. In T. leuconoto, sepala 3nervia, flos staminibus 8-16 praeditus, carpellorum styli recti, et stigmata conspicua anguste oblonga utrinque anguste 1alata sunt.
  Perennial herbs. Stems ca. 60 cm tall, subglabrous, branched. Middle and upper cauline leaves 23ternatepinnate, glabrous, shortly petiolate; blades 10-15 × 10-18 cm; leaflets thinly papery, broadly rhombic, obovate, broadly obovate or broadly ovate, 1-3.5 × 0.7-3.6 cm, at base rounded, broadly cuneate or subtruncate, 3lobed or 3fid, with lobes acute at apex, acutely 12dentate or entire, 35nerved, with nerves on both surfaces flat; petiolules filiform, 0.1-2 cm long; petioles 0.3-3.5 cm long, at base vaginate. Terminal compound monochasium ca. 4 cm long, densely ca. 15flowered, and lateral compound monochasia ca. 3, 3.5-8.5 cm long, ca. 10flowered, at base with a short brach 14flowered, subglabrous, all compound monochasia racemelike; bracts foli
  aceous, with only petioles very sparsely puberulous, elsewhere glabrous; pedicels robust, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous. Flower glabrous: Sepals 4, whitish, oblongovate, ca. 2.2-0.8 mm, longitudinally 1nerved, apex slightly acute. Stamens 5-6; filaments filiform, 1.5-3 mm long; anthers oblong or narrowly oblong, 0.8 × 0.3-0.45 mm, apex minutely mucronate (mucrones ca. 0.1 mm long), or not mucronate, slightly acute. Carpels 4-5; ovary oblongelliptic, 2 × 0.6-0.7 mm; style ca. 2 mm long, near apex spirally curved, adaxially below with an inconspicuous stigma.
  云南省(Yunnan Province):寧蒗县,宁蒗林业局,水草坝 (Ninglang Xian, Ninglang Forestry Bureau, Shuicaoba), alt. 3 100 m, 沟谷坡地,草本植物高0.6 m (on slope in valley, herbs 0.6 m tall),19810710,韩裕丰,邓坤梅,陈永瑞 (Y. F. Han, K. M. Deng & Y. R. Chen) 811070 (holotype, PE)。
  本种的复单歧聚伞花序与总状花序相似,雄蕊花丝呈丝形,因此可能与也具上述特征的白茎唐松草(Thalictrum leuconotum Franch.)有亲缘关系,与后者的区别在于本种的萼片具1条脉,每朵花只具4~5枚雄蕊,心皮花柱近顶端螺旋状弯曲,柱头不明显,无翅。在白茎唐松草,萼片具3条脉,每朵花具8~16枚雄蕊,花柱直,柱头明显,狭长圆形,每侧各有1条狭翅(王文采和王蜀秀,1979)。   6. 札达唐松草图6
  Thalictrum zhadaense W. T. Wang, sp. nov.Fig. 6
  Species nova est affinis T. folioloso DC., a quo foliolis apice acutis margine acute dentatis, thyrsis sparse ramosis flores pauciores laxos gerentibus, sepalis anguste ovatis apice attenuatis, antheris anguste oblongis differt. In T. folioloso, foliola apice rotundata margine obtuse dentata, thyrsi multo ramosi flores multos densos gerentes, sepala suboblonga apice rotundata, et antherae lineares sunt.
  Perennial herbs, totally glabrous. Stems ca. 90 cm tall, near the middle ca. 4 mm in diam., Upper cauline leaves 3ternatepinnate, shortly petiolate; blades, triangular, ca. 20 × 12 cm; leaflets papery, broadly obovate, obovate, broadly elliptic or subquadrate, 1-1.8 × 0.7-1.5 cm, at apex acute, at base rounded or truncate, 3lobed or 3fid, with acute lobes acutely 12dentate or entire, 35nerved, with nerves adaxially flat and abaxially inconspicuously slightly prominent; petiolules filiform, 0.2-2.2 cm long; petioles ca. 1.5 cm long, at base narrowly vaginate. Thyrse termional, ca. 50 cm long, its branches ca. 6, 7-15 cm long, sparsely 38flowered; bracts foliaceous; pedicels filiform, 0.4-1.5 cm long. Flower: Sepals 4, narrowly ovate, 5-5.6 × 2.2-2.8 mm, longitudinally 3purplishnerved, apex attenuate. Stamens 14-20; filaments filiform, 2-2.5 mm long; anthers yellow, narrowly oblong, 1.8-2.8 × 0.4-0.6 mm, apex mucronate, with mucrones 0.1-0.2 mm long. Carpels 6-7; ovary obliquely elliptic, ca. 1 × 0.55 mm, on each side inconspicuously longitudinaly 3ribbed; style ca. 0.7 mm long; stigma narrowly lanceolateoblong, ca. 0.6 × 0.3 mm, at each side with a narrow wing.
  西藏自治區 (Xizhang Zizhiqu):札达县,马阳村 (Zhada Xian, Mayang Cun), alt. 3 500 m,河滩 (on river bank), 19760320,青藏队 (QinghaiXizhang Exped.) 12911 (holotype, PE)。
  本种与多叶唐松草(Thalictrum foliolosum DC.)在亲缘关系上相近,区别在于本种的小叶顶端急尖,在边缘具尖牙齿,聚伞圆锥花序具少数分枝和较少并稀疏的花,萼片呈狭卵形,顶端渐狭,雄蕊花药呈狭长圆形。在多叶唐松草,小叶顶端圆形,边缘具钝牙齿,聚伞圆锥花序多次分枝,具多数密集的花,萼片近长圆形,顶端圆形,雄蕊花药呈条形 (王文采和王蜀秀,1979)。
  致谢深切感谢孙英宝先生为本文绘制十分精致的插图。
  参考文献:
  WANG WT, WANG SH, 1979. Thalictum. Flora Reipubicae Popularis Sinicae. Beijing: Science Press, 27: 502-592.[王文采,王蜀秀, 1979. 唐松草属. 中国植物志. 北京:科学出版社, 27: 502-592.]
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