目的:对X线及CT在肺部空洞性病变诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用进行分析。方法:资料选自2012年7月-2013年7月在我院诊断为肺部空洞性病变的患者64例。所有患者均予以X线及CT检查,分析检查结果。结果:所选患者当中单发结节空洞53例,多发结节空洞11例;34例患者为肺结核,22例患者为肺癌,8例患者诊断为肺脓肿。其诊断结果与手术病理等相关诊断的符合率为100%。结论:结合病灶的形态、部位和边缘等方面的影像学分析,并根据临床表现及病史,能够对肺部空洞性病变进行明确的诊断。 Objective: To analyze the application of X-ray and CT in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary cavitary lesions. Methods: Data were collected from 64 patients with pneumothorax diagnosed in our hospital from July 2012 to July 2013. All patients were X-ray and CT examination, analysis of test results. Results: Among the selected patients, 53 were single nodules and 11 were multiple nodules and voids. Thirty-four patients were pulmonary tuberculosis, 22 patients were lung cancer, and 8 patients were diagnosed as lung abscess. The diagnostic results and surgical pathology and other related diagnostic accuracy of 100%. Conclusion: Based on the imaging analysis of the morphology, location and edge of the lesion, and based on the clinical manifestations and medical history, a clear diagnosis of pulmonary cavitary lesions can be made.