论文部分内容阅读
【摘要】阅读是英语学习中每一个英语学习者，特别是中学生长期要面对的一个难题，阅读水平的提高有赖于在老师的指导下进行长期的、科学的训练。因此，阅读课教学在中学英语教学中显得尤为重要。本文拟从阅读课教学“看、读、品、意、精”等五个方面对如何培养学生阅读水平进行简要探讨。
【关键词】阅读阅读课教学“看，读，品，意，精”
阅读是一种积极主动地吸收、思考、理解、接受信息和反馈信息的过程，也是一种复杂的智力活动。高中英语教学大纲指出“在高中英语教学中，听、说、读、写要进行综合训练，在进一步提高听、说、写的能力的同时，侧重培养阅读能力。长期以来，英语阅读课教学一直困扰着我们的英语教学。阅读课教学的成败直接关系到高考质量。随着新课程标准及新教材的颁布实施，高考阅读量的增加和难度的提高，英语阅读课教学变得尤为重要。笔者在长期的英语教学实践中， 根据英语教学的特点以及学生实际，逐步总结出“看（skimming），读（reading），品（swallowing），意（paraphrasing），精（getting）”五字阅读方法。
1.看（skimming），即对某一篇文章进行快速阅读，了解文章大意，并能够用简单的话语陈述文章的梗概。以人教版高中英语第三册Unit 1中阅读文章“That Must be a record”的第二段为例：More than 60,000 new records are sent in to the book each year, but they cannot all be
printed. Instead, the editors of the book set down the records and keep track of them in other ways. The records are put into different categories. The Guinness Book of World Records has chapters on the human body, amazing feats, the natural world, science and technology, arts and the media, modern society,travel and transport, and sports and games.You can learn that the oldest person is a woman who lived to be 122 years and 164 days,that the longest moustache reached a length of 1.6 metres and that the longest poisonous snake is 5.71 metres long. There are also strange records, like the Englishman who balanced a small car weighing 159.6 kilogrammes on his head for thirty-three seconds! 同学们经过Skimming，可以概括出这样几点：①60，000 new records each year，but not all are printed；②different categories，covering almost all fields；③from the book we can get a lot of knowledge.
2.读（reading），即在阅读的过程中紧紧抓住文章每一段的重点词、中心句，对文章进行整体理解。以人教版高三教材Unit 11中的一段为例：“The story of Li Yonghong is not exceptional.Life at high school is the time to find out not only what we are really good at, but also what we really want. It is not always easy to discover our strengths while we are still at school. Many people tend to listen to their parents or to their teachers who often have expectations that are hard to live up to. The ideal for many people at that age is to go to university,but is going to university really the ideal career for most people?”这篇阅读的内容是介绍北京中关村的基本情况以及一些创业者的典型示例，本段观点是中学阶段是理想形成的重要时期。要求学生找出段落的中心句以及重点词汇。
3.品（chewing），即通过对文章的整体理解，尝试写出文章的中心内容，并背诵文章的某些精彩句子和段落。英国著名政论家Francis Bacon说过：“Some books are to be tasted,others are to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested”。有些阅读内容是一读而过，安心补脑，而有些经典句子，經典段落则是回味无穷的，需要我们反复chewing，从而提高我们的阅读品位和鉴赏能力。以人教版高三英语教材Unit 15中的“Popular Youth Culture”最后两段为例：
It has become quite common now to distinguish various people’s different talents or“intelligences”…
These characteristics combine in unique ways in each person, forming personality types, each made up of different inner processes and ways of functioning in the world.…
为什么选用这两段呢？ 因为在这些段落中包含了大量的经典句子和重要结构。比如， 同学们通过反复朗读和品味这两段内容，可以体会下列东西。⑴重要结构：①It is important to...②It has become quite common now to...③each personality type is of equal value.④be collected to...⑤in a unique way, etc
⑵经典句子：①People have different personality types, and connected to these types are different
learning styles.②Each offers gifts and processes that complement the others, contributing in a unique way to the qualitative functioning of the whole, whether the “whole” is a team, a class,a family or a society.
4.意（paraphrasing），即能够对文章中出现的某些难句或词组通过自己的理解用自己所学过的语言进行简单的释意。以人教版高二英语第七单元Integrating Skills 中The Day My Life Ended ... And Began！为例，文中有这样几句话： ①I remember having an empty feeling in my stomach and thinking that life was going to end. ②There were days when I wish I were dead so that I would not have to feel to sick. ③On the contrary, I now feel as if that was when my life really began. 要求学生根据文章的内容用自己的话来解释说明这三句，句式，词汇不限。那么学生通过认真阅读课文，可能写出下列释义：①I remembered, when the docter told me that I had cancer, I felt empty in my mind and thought that I was going to die.②When I was in hospital, especially when I received the treatment with radiation and chemicals, I felt a deadly sick. Sometimes what I wanted to do then was a quick death,maybe that was my best choice.③At first, I thought I was going to die.But with the help of the docters and advanced treatment, especially my confidence, I survive the disease surprisingly. I now feel that I have started my second life.
5.精（language-getting），即從所阅读的文章中习得语言知识，掌握某些词和词组，为我所用。语言学习最关键的一环，或者说语言学习的目的是运用所学语言进行交际活动，高中英语教学大纲也明确指出“培养在口头上和书面上初步运用英语进行交际的能力，侧重培养阅读能力，并使学生获得一定的自学能力……”为什么现在很多学生看不懂除了教科书以外的文章？ 其根本原因是英语习惯表达掌握太少，想当然的多。前几年出现的people mountain, people sea（人山人海）；Let me see see（让我瞧瞧）；Long time no see（好久不见），等，有趣的是，后者的中文表达方式居然被英语辞书收入！
总之，阅读能力的提高是一个长期探索的过程，需要勇气和信心，对于教师来说更需要耐心。教学过程中要注重引导学生培养良好的阅读习惯，始终关注学生阅读过程中表现出来的不良倾向。同时，学生阅读的过程也是教师自身能力提高的过程。
【参考文献】
[1]《全日制普通高级中学教科书（必修）英语》
[2]《全日制普通高级中学教科书（必修）英语》
[3]中华人民共和国全日制普通高级中学《英语教学大纲》（实验修订版）
【关键词】阅读阅读课教学“看，读，品，意，精”
阅读是一种积极主动地吸收、思考、理解、接受信息和反馈信息的过程，也是一种复杂的智力活动。高中英语教学大纲指出“在高中英语教学中，听、说、读、写要进行综合训练，在进一步提高听、说、写的能力的同时，侧重培养阅读能力。长期以来，英语阅读课教学一直困扰着我们的英语教学。阅读课教学的成败直接关系到高考质量。随着新课程标准及新教材的颁布实施，高考阅读量的增加和难度的提高，英语阅读课教学变得尤为重要。笔者在长期的英语教学实践中， 根据英语教学的特点以及学生实际，逐步总结出“看（skimming），读（reading），品（swallowing），意（paraphrasing），精（getting）”五字阅读方法。
1.看（skimming），即对某一篇文章进行快速阅读，了解文章大意，并能够用简单的话语陈述文章的梗概。以人教版高中英语第三册Unit 1中阅读文章“That Must be a record”的第二段为例：More than 60,000 new records are sent in to the book each year, but they cannot all be
printed. Instead, the editors of the book set down the records and keep track of them in other ways. The records are put into different categories. The Guinness Book of World Records has chapters on the human body, amazing feats, the natural world, science and technology, arts and the media, modern society,travel and transport, and sports and games.You can learn that the oldest person is a woman who lived to be 122 years and 164 days,that the longest moustache reached a length of 1.6 metres and that the longest poisonous snake is 5.71 metres long. There are also strange records, like the Englishman who balanced a small car weighing 159.6 kilogrammes on his head for thirty-three seconds! 同学们经过Skimming，可以概括出这样几点：①60，000 new records each year，but not all are printed；②different categories，covering almost all fields；③from the book we can get a lot of knowledge.
2.读（reading），即在阅读的过程中紧紧抓住文章每一段的重点词、中心句，对文章进行整体理解。以人教版高三教材Unit 11中的一段为例：“The story of Li Yonghong is not exceptional.Life at high school is the time to find out not only what we are really good at, but also what we really want. It is not always easy to discover our strengths while we are still at school. Many people tend to listen to their parents or to their teachers who often have expectations that are hard to live up to. The ideal for many people at that age is to go to university,but is going to university really the ideal career for most people?”这篇阅读的内容是介绍北京中关村的基本情况以及一些创业者的典型示例，本段观点是中学阶段是理想形成的重要时期。要求学生找出段落的中心句以及重点词汇。
3.品（chewing），即通过对文章的整体理解，尝试写出文章的中心内容，并背诵文章的某些精彩句子和段落。英国著名政论家Francis Bacon说过：“Some books are to be tasted,others are to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested”。有些阅读内容是一读而过，安心补脑，而有些经典句子，經典段落则是回味无穷的，需要我们反复chewing，从而提高我们的阅读品位和鉴赏能力。以人教版高三英语教材Unit 15中的“Popular Youth Culture”最后两段为例：
It has become quite common now to distinguish various people’s different talents or“intelligences”…
These characteristics combine in unique ways in each person, forming personality types, each made up of different inner processes and ways of functioning in the world.…
为什么选用这两段呢？ 因为在这些段落中包含了大量的经典句子和重要结构。比如， 同学们通过反复朗读和品味这两段内容，可以体会下列东西。⑴重要结构：①It is important to...②It has become quite common now to...③each personality type is of equal value.④be collected to...⑤in a unique way, etc
⑵经典句子：①People have different personality types, and connected to these types are different
learning styles.②Each offers gifts and processes that complement the others, contributing in a unique way to the qualitative functioning of the whole, whether the “whole” is a team, a class,a family or a society.
4.意（paraphrasing），即能够对文章中出现的某些难句或词组通过自己的理解用自己所学过的语言进行简单的释意。以人教版高二英语第七单元Integrating Skills 中The Day My Life Ended ... And Began！为例，文中有这样几句话： ①I remember having an empty feeling in my stomach and thinking that life was going to end. ②There were days when I wish I were dead so that I would not have to feel to sick. ③On the contrary, I now feel as if that was when my life really began. 要求学生根据文章的内容用自己的话来解释说明这三句，句式，词汇不限。那么学生通过认真阅读课文，可能写出下列释义：①I remembered, when the docter told me that I had cancer, I felt empty in my mind and thought that I was going to die.②When I was in hospital, especially when I received the treatment with radiation and chemicals, I felt a deadly sick. Sometimes what I wanted to do then was a quick death,maybe that was my best choice.③At first, I thought I was going to die.But with the help of the docters and advanced treatment, especially my confidence, I survive the disease surprisingly. I now feel that I have started my second life.
5.精（language-getting），即從所阅读的文章中习得语言知识，掌握某些词和词组，为我所用。语言学习最关键的一环，或者说语言学习的目的是运用所学语言进行交际活动，高中英语教学大纲也明确指出“培养在口头上和书面上初步运用英语进行交际的能力，侧重培养阅读能力，并使学生获得一定的自学能力……”为什么现在很多学生看不懂除了教科书以外的文章？ 其根本原因是英语习惯表达掌握太少，想当然的多。前几年出现的people mountain, people sea（人山人海）；Let me see see（让我瞧瞧）；Long time no see（好久不见），等，有趣的是，后者的中文表达方式居然被英语辞书收入！
总之，阅读能力的提高是一个长期探索的过程，需要勇气和信心，对于教师来说更需要耐心。教学过程中要注重引导学生培养良好的阅读习惯，始终关注学生阅读过程中表现出来的不良倾向。同时，学生阅读的过程也是教师自身能力提高的过程。
【参考文献】
[1]《全日制普通高级中学教科书（必修）英语》
[2]《全日制普通高级中学教科书（必修）英语》
[3]中华人民共和国全日制普通高级中学《英语教学大纲》（实验修订版）