一、前言港内操船时,除运用本船车舵操纵外,尚须借助港作拖轮协助,以确保安全、稳妥可靠地把船舶顶推和领拖靠离泊位。港作拖轮在协助船舶作业时,须经常变换拖带方式,因此,怎样选择拖轮型号以及怎样配备拖轮马力,则是一个需要讨论的问题。随着船舶向大型化发展和外海开敞码头的兴建,船舶受风流的阻力增大,因此,相应地对港作拖轮的拖力、移动的灵活性以及在拖航状态下的稳定性等提出了新的要求。近年来,日本研制的Z型拖轮,因采用双浆和单柄操作装置,操作简单且可就地回旋,使拖轮性能更符合使用要求。本文根据国内外的资料,对各类拖轮性能、选型和拖轮配备方式 I. INTRODUCTION In addition to the handling of the ship’s helm, the Hong Kong-made tugboat assistance must also be used to facilitate the safe, secure and reliable launching and towing of the ship away from the berth. Port-boring tugboats are often required to change the towing mode when assisting in the operation of ships. Therefore, how to choose a tugboat model and how to equip it with a tugboat is an issue to be discussed. With the large-scale development of the vessels and the construction of open-water wharf, the resistance of the ship to the wind flow increases. Therefore, accordingly, the towing force of the tugboat on the harbor, the flexibility of movement and the stability under towing conditions are proposed New requirement In recent years, Japan developed the Z-type tugboat, because of the use of double-pulp and single-handle operating device, simple operation and can be maneuvered locally, so that the tug performance more in line with the requirements. This article based on domestic and international information on the performance of various types of tugs, selection and tug equipment