分析3例误诊为脑梗死和症状性癫痫的原因。脑梗死和单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎有(HSE)相似的临床表现,主要表现为记忆力差、命名不能、发作性意识障碍、四肢抽搐等,影像学检查、头部CT早期检查未发现异常;但后期头部磁共振成像(MRI)有其特殊的改变,不是以血管分布改变,而是多侵犯灰质。因此在诊疗过程中起最重要作用的是首诊医生的警觉性、临床经验,要透彻了解HSE,努力寻找诊断依据,是诊疗成功的关键 Three cases of misdiagnosis as cerebral infarction and symptomatic epilepsy were analyzed. Cerebral infarction and herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) have similar clinical manifestations, mainly manifested as poor memory, naming can not, episodic disturbance of consciousness, convulsions and other limbs, imaging examination, head CT early examination found no abnormalities; but Late head MRI (MRI) has its special changes, not to change the vascular distribution, but more violations of gray matter. Therefore, the most important role in the process of diagnosis and treatment is the alertness and clinical experience of the first clinician. To thoroughly understand the HSE and try hard to find the basis for the diagnosis, it is the key to the success of the diagnosis and treatment