明喻和隐喻的异同一直备受关注。比较论和概念隐喻论认为二者并无差异,而俗成论和适宜论却强调两者存在不同。本文赞成异同论,但不同的是,本文从结构映射论角度出发,采用实证法,讨论明喻和隐喻取舍的功能依据。实验发现,属性类谓词、关系类谓词分别与明喻句、隐喻句的选择有关;谓词类型与明喻、隐喻句式的选择有一定功能关系;等等。这充分说明明喻和隐喻句式选择极其复杂。 The similarities and differences between similes and metaphors have drawn much attention. Comparative theory and conceptual metaphor do not think there is a difference between the two, while vulgarism and appropriate theory emphasize the difference between the two. This article is in favor of similarities and differences, but the difference is that this dissertation, from the perspective of structural mapping theory, uses empirical method to discuss the functional basis of simile and metaphor choice. The experiments show that attribute predicates and relational predicates are respectively related to the selection of metaphorical sentences and metaphorical sentences. The predicate types have some functional relations with the choices of simile and metaphorical sentences. This fully shows that the choice of simile and metaphor is extremely complicated.