论文部分内容阅读
癌症是严重威胁人类生命健康的疾病之一,传统治疗方法未能彻底根除癌症。究其原因是癌症的发病机制复杂,至今尚未完全认识。肿瘤干细胞理论的提出为肿瘤的发生、发展乃至术后复发提供了新的研究思路,同时也为癌症的治疗带来了新的曙光。但由于肿瘤干细胞含量极低、分离困难,给肿瘤干细胞的研究带来诸多不便。目前常用的分离方法为无血清培养法与流式分选法,但二者均存在一定的缺陷,因此亟须建立一种新型有效地分离方法。肿瘤干细胞与普通干细胞有许多相似的信号通路,因此可利用干细胞的微环境筛选分离分化程度较低的肿瘤干细胞。水凝胶由于其独特的性质,目前广泛用于细胞的三维培养。有鉴于此,科研工作者利用水凝胶模拟普通干细胞生长的力学环境筛选、富集肿瘤干细胞。本文就肿瘤干细胞目前常用分离及鉴定方法,同时结合国内外最新的肿瘤干细胞分离方法进行综述。
Cancer is one of the most serious diseases that threaten the health of human beings. Traditional treatments failed to eradicate cancer completely. The reason is the complicated pathogenesis of cancer has not yet fully understood. The proposal of tumor stem cell theory provides a new research idea for the occurrence, development and recurrence of cancer, and also brings new dawn to the treatment of cancer. However, due to the extremely low content of tumor stem cells, the separation is difficult, which brings many inconveniences to the research of tumor stem cells. At present, the most commonly used separation methods are serum-free culture and flow sorting, but both of them have certain defects. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a new and effective method for separation. Cancer stem cells and ordinary stem cells have many similar signaling pathways, so the use of stem cell microenvironment screening of less differentiated tumor stem cells. Due to their unique properties, hydrogels are widely used in three-dimensional cell culture. In view of this, scientists use the hydrogel to simulate the mechanical environment of ordinary stem cell growth screening, enriching cancer stem cells. In this paper, the current methods of isolation and identification of cancer stem cells, combined with the latest domestic and foreign cancer stem cell isolation methods are reviewed.