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Abstract Aimed at the difficult problem of prevention and control of disastrous sugarcane borers in low latitude plateau of China， this research systematically overcame the bottleneck of comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane bores after 10 years of collaborative research， and formed a number of core product technologies， which promoted the green and highquality development of the sugarcane industry and achieved the following innovative results. In this study， the species， population structure and damage characteristics of disastrous sugarcane borers in low latitude plateau were clarified for the first time， which provided a scientific basis for the formulation of technology and application of comprehensive prevention and control. The monitoring technology system and early warning monitoring network were constructed for the monitoring of borer population in low latitude plateau sugarcane area， which realized the accurate monitoring of the population dynamics of sugarcane bores and provided technical support for comprehensive prevention and control. The flight spraying technology by unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） was developed for bores in the low latitude plateau cane area， and it has been successfully applied in a large area， thereby opening up a new way of light， simple and efficient for effective control of borers. The scale application of lamp trapping and sexual attracting to kill adult insects technology promoted the advancement of green control technology of bores. Integration was made to the comprehensive control techniques like UAV flight control， biological agents， physical and chemical inducement and control， and sexual attractant trapping in the low latitude plateau sugarcane area， and standardized technical regulations have been formulated， which significantly improved the overall prevention and control effect of large areas. The technologies for the comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers have been popularized and applied in 8 major sugarcane producing states （cities） in low altitude plateau of Yunnan over the years， which has controlled the damage and showed remarkable control effect. In 2017-2018， the integrated control technology was popularized and applied to a total of 2.78×105 hm2 （1.33×104 hm2 of UAV flight control） of area， which recovered a total of 3.666×106 t of sugarcane losses， increasing 4.69×105 t of sugar with the sales increase of 3.979billion yuan， added profits of 1.251 billion yuan and the taxes increase of 188 million yuan. The research results show that the technology has high technical integration， strong practicability， high degree of transformation， significant economic， social and ecological benefits， which provide technical supports for the sustainable development， loss reduction and efficiency increase of the sugarcane industry in the lowlatitude plateau sugarcane region， and make significant contributions to the economic development of ethnic minorities in the borderstricken areas and the increase of farmers income and poverty alleviation.
Key words Low latitude plateau; Sugarcane borers; Comprehensive prevention and control; Application
Project Background
Grain， cotton， oilseed and sugar crops are the main agricultural products and national strategic materials in China， and the development of sugar is related to national food safety and increasing farmers income. Yunnan is the second largest sugar base in China， with a sugar planting area of 333 333 hm2 per year[1]. At present， the sugar industry is one of the most effective industries for precision poverty alleviation in the border areas of Yunnan， where sugar is produced in 49 counties of 10 states and cities， covering over 6 million sugarcane farmers. Most of the sugarcane planting areas are ethnic minority areas along the border （34 nationallevelpovertystricken counties， 21 border counties）， with a total number of impoverished people reaching 606 600， in which there are 101 00 filing households. During the 2016-2017 crushing season， 196 000 people were out of poverty by planting sugarcane. The sugar industry has become a pillar industry for industrial poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in the frontier ethnic areas of Yunnan， and it plays an important role in promoting economic development in border areas， increasing farmers income and local fiscal growth[1].
The sugarcane planting areas are located in the low latitude plateau of Yunnan. There are a complex variety of sugarcane pests， especially sugarcane borers， which are easy to spread with the introduction of varieties. Sugarcane borers are typical boring insects， and they have become the first major pests in sugarcane production seriously affecting the sugarcane planting areas in Yunnan， which have brought extremely serious losses to sugarcane farmers and sugar enterprises[2-6]. The fundamental guarantee to promote the high quality development of sugarcane industry is to overcomethe key technical problems of comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers， so as to achieve the comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers. To this end， in this study， under the leading of the Sugarcane Research Institute， Yunnan Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences， this study investigated the disastrous borers in the low latitude sugarcane producing areas， integrated with the systematic research on the population structure， damage characteristics， monitoring and early warning， biological agent preparation as well as screening new high efficient pesticides with low risks， green prevention and control and the key technology to controlling the pests and reducing the damage， which aimed to address the timeliness and accuracy of monitoring and early warning the disastrous borers， as well as the compatibility， synergy and effectiveness of key technologies for key sustainable control techniques， with the support from the projects of the China Agriculture Research System （nycytx0240109， CARS2022 & CARS170303）， the "prevention and control of major sugarcane pests and diseases and the development of new pesticides" of the Development Plan for Key New Products of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department （2013BB013）， the "scientificand technological prevention and control of sugarcane pests and weeds" of the Project for the Cooperation between Scientific Research Institutes and Enterprises in Nanhua of Lincang （LT1112E120810002 & LT1213E130328041）. The aim of the study was to establish a key technology for comprehensive prevention and control of lowlatitude plateau sugarcane borers in line with ecological safety， sugar safety and sustainable agricultural development requirements， which should be demonstrated and promoted， solve the technical problems of largescale comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers in sugarcane production as soon as possible， effectively control the damage of sugarcane borers， and realize the comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers， reduction of pesticide control， increase of sugarcanequality and efficiency， so as to provide key technical supports for the sustainable and stable development of sugar industry， and ensure that sugarcane farmers will not suffer losses from sugarcane， thereby achieving the goal of increasing sugarcane farmers income， enterprise efficiency， and fiscal and taxation. Technological Innovation
Clarifying the species， population structure and damage characteristics of disastrous sugarcane borers in low latitude plateau for the first time
Investigations showed that the disastrous borers in sugarcane producing areas in lowlatitude plateau included a total of 6 species， namely， Sesamia inferens Walker， Chilo infuscatellus Snellen， Argyroploce schistaceana （Snellen）， Chilo auricilia Dudgeon， Proceras venosatus （Walker）， Tryporyza intacta Snellen. It found that the exotic new pest species of P. venosatus and T. intacta had fast population growth and were easy to break out into disaster， especially in the middle and late stages， when the 4th-5thgenerations of population were large in number， which could cause even more serious tailbreaking damage. Therefore， the 4th-5thgenerations of sugarcane borers were the key objects for monitoring， prevention and control （Fig. 1）. The geographical locations of the 6 borers were identified （Table 1）， as well as the population structure， damages and losses. This study also found out the bioecological characteristics and population succession， revealed that the diversity of host plants and warm winters were the factors leading to the outbreaks and epidemics of pest populations， established pests files， all of which provided scientific bases for the formulation and application of comprehensive prevention and control technology for regional borers.
Constructing the monitoring technology system and early warning monitoring network for the aphid population in the lowlatitude plateau sugarcane planting areas
Accurate and timely prediction and forecasting information are prerequisites for effective pest control. This study utilized the adult tropism， adopted the intelligent pest detection lamp and new sexual attractant， in which the light trap and sexual attract trap were developed to monitor the dynamics of adult borers. The study clarified the spatial distribution of dead heart seedlings from borer damage and the sampling technology， made scientific investigation on the field growth process and statistical analysis methods. A total of 15 monitoring sites were established in 8 major sugarcane producing states （cities） in low latitude plateau， constructing the early warning and monitoring technology system which could verify the progress investigation of lamp trap， sexual trap and development （Fig. 2）. The system could carry out accurate monitoring on the population dynamics of the disastrous borers， timely grasp the pest dynamics， release information in a timely manner， and scientifically guide the prevention and control work， providing technical support and laying the foundation for comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers. Developing the fly spray technology by UAV in the low latitude plateau sugarcane planting areas
In view of the drawbacks of traditional artificial spraying control method and the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying， labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle and late stage of sugarcane high stalk crops， the systematic development and demonstration were made to the flight control technology of borers from the aspects of the UAV type selection， screening of special pesticides and auxiliaries， integration of pesticides and equipment， field operation， technical specifications， and largescale application organization mode. The UAV model and flight technical parameters suitable for the sugarcane planting area in lowlatitude plateau were analyzed and determined （Table 2）， and the optimal agent formulation combination and application technology of the UAV flight control were screened out （Table 3）， and the UAV flight control was applied to the major sugarcane pests and diseases control in the lowlatitude plateau in large scale （UAV flight control was popularized and applied to 13 334 hm2 in 2018）. The research results provided mature wholeprocess technical support for the normalization of the application of the UVA flight control of major sugarcane pests and diseases. Moreover， an application was made for the national patent of inventing "an accurate and efficient pesticide application method for the prevention and control of sugarcane pests during the major growth periods "（application number 201710009971.6）". Technical guidance and opinions were formulated for the UAV flight control of major sugarcane pests and diseases in Yunnan.
Agricultural Biotechnology2019
Forming and large scale application of the lamp trapping and sexual attracting technologies to kill adult insects
Firstly， the sexual attraction features of adult borers were scientifically made use of to study the control effects and application technology of new sexual attractant traps on sugarcane borers， thereby optimizing and forming the new sexual attractant trap to trap and kill adult borers （Fig. 4）. In other words， during the peak period of borers occurrence （March-July）， 3 to 6 new sexual attractant traps were set per hm2， lures were replaced every 15-20 d， and the traps were cleaned on a regular basis. Secondly， use was made of to the strong phototaxis of adult borers to study the application of insecticidal lamps in the control of borers. The optimization of light source， lighting period， lamp hanging height and lamp hanging density improved the control effects of the lamp traps， optimizing and forming the frequencyvibration insecticidal lamp traps to trap and kill adult borers （Fig.5）. In other words， during the peak period of borers occurrence （March-July）， the frequenciesvibration insecticidal lamp traps were used to trap and kill the adult borers by setting up 1 lamp every 2-4 hm2 （single lamp radiation radius of 100 -120 m）， and the installation height was generally 1.0-1.5 m. The best time to turn on the light was 20：00-22：00， which was the peak time for borers activity. For years， more than 2 000 such lamps were introduced and installed， and the annual application area reached over 6 666 hm2. The successfulresearch and development and largescale application of the lamp traps and sexual attractant traps effectively promoted the progress of green control technology for borers. Exploring the green prevention and control technology model for sugarcane borers
Field trials were conducted using new sexual attractant traps， biological agents such as abamectin · Bacillus thuringiensis and tebufenozide. The results showed that the the combined aplication of the new sexual attractant traps with abamectin · B. thuringiensis or tebufenozide was the ideal green prevention and control technology model for controlling sugarcane borers （Fig. 6）， which had good prevention and control effects on sugarcane borers （Table 4）. The developed control mode opened up a new way for comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers， which is of great significance and broad application prospects for the promotion of green control of sugarcane pests and diseases， construction of a resourcesaving and environmentfriendly sustainable management system for sugarcane pests and diseases.
Screening a batch of highefficiency， lowtoxic and lowrisk pesticide products， and determining the corresponding precise and efficient pesticide application technology
Closely following the green and highquality development goal of the sugarcane industry， this study innovated technology service mode， which carried out cooperation between science and technology to realize the combination of production， study and research taking the enterprise as the main body and industry as the orientation， jointly establishing the strategic cooperation relationship between sugarcane pest and disease prevention and control. The cooperation between scientific research institutes and enterprises was based on the concept of "scientific plant protection， public plant Protection， and green plant protection"， driven by the thought that"the demand of sugarcane farmers is our efforts" with the goal of "enhancing industrial competitiveness with modern technology". In this way， this study created the 6step evaluation system to screen reagents， namely， "formulation selection， test demonstration， efficacy investigation， yield inspection， benefit analysis， residualdetection"， developed 5 new pesticide products successfully， screened 8 highefficiency， lowtoxic and lowrisk pesticide products， and formulated 3 relevant enterprise standards. The 5 new pesticide products were 3.6% insecticidal double granules， 8% chlorpyrlfos·phoxim granules， 70% thiamethoxam seed treatment dispersible powder， 10% monosultap·thiamethoxam granules， 1% Bt·clothianidin granules， and the 8 highefficiency， lowtoxic and lowrisk pesticide products were 90% thiosultapnomosodium water soluble powders， 20% abamectin·fenitrothion emulsifiableconcentrate， 72% Molosultap·Streptomyces， 8% cyhalothrin·emamectinbenzoate suspension agent， 30% chlorfenidil·thiamethoxam suspension agent， 40% chlorfenidil·thiamethoxam water dispersible granules， 0.05% avermectin·10 billion living spores /g B. thuringiensis （Bt） wettable powder， 200 g/L chlorfenapyr suspension agent. Years of trials and demonstrations in multiple places and largescale application and production verifications showed that the obtained 5 new pesticide products and screened 8 pesticide products had good and stable control effects， and significantly increased the yield and sugar content （Fig.8）， proving that they were the ideal new pesticides products with high efficiency， low toxicity and low risk which could scientifically and effectively prevent and control the sugarcane borers. In the meantime， in view of the borer damage characteristics in the sugarcane planting areas in low latitude plateau， corresponding precise and accurate pesticide application technology was studied and determined in combination with the sugarcane production practice in Yunnan （Fig. 7）， and guiding scheme was formulated for the reagent combination and application in the comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers in sugarcane producing areas in low latitude plateau， providing core products and technical support for largescale comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers in sugarcane production. Integrating the comprehensive control technologies of UAV flight control， biological agents， physical and chemical inducement and control， and sexual attractant trapping in the low latitude plateau sugarcane area， and formulating standardized technical regulations
According to the characteristics of sugarcane borer damages in low latitude plateau，the prevention strategy of pressing the former generation and controlling the latter generation， which combined "standardizedcore demonstration with surface demonstration"， adoptedthe combination and demonstration of technologies of resistant varieties， biological agents， physical and chemical inducement， UAV flight control and new slowlyreleased long acting pesticides with low risk， established the core standardized demonstration area with unified prevention and control， integrated the comprehensive prevention and control techniques of UAV control， biological control using microbial reagents and parasitic natural enemies， physical control using lamp traps， agricultural control by clearing the pesticide origins， chemical and biological control usingsexual attractant traps in the sugarcane planting areas in low latitude plateau. The Yunnan local standard DB53/T 531-2013 sugarcane borers comprehensive control technical regulations were formulated and issued， and 4 key technologies were chosen as the major recommended techniques in Yunnan Province， which successfully solved the technical problems of largearea comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers in sugarcane production， realized comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers， significantly improved the overall prevention and control effect in large areas （Fig. 9）， decreased costs and reduced environmental pollution.
Scientific Achievements
The project has combined basic theory with applied technology research， making careful analysis and summary of the research materials. A total of 45 papers （1 SCI） have been published in important academic journals at home and abroad， such as Pakistan Journal of Zoology， Agricultural Biotechnolgy， Plant Diseases and Pests， Chinese Bulletin of Entomology， Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University， Journal of Agriculture， Plant Protection， Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin）; 4 monographs （1 English version） have been published by Springer and China Agriculture Press. The core technology of research has won 5 national invention patents and 1 utility model patent. The research has formulated and issued 1 local standard of Yunnan Province and 3 enterprise standards， obtained 5 new pesticide products， screened 8 highefficient lowtoxic and low risk agricultural products. And 4 techniques have been chosen as the major recommended techniques in Yunnan， and 3 agricultural products won awards. The project has cultivated 1 Yunling industrial technology leading talent， 1 outstanding professional and technical talent in Yunnan Province， 2 reserved talents and provincial technical innovation talents， 1 scientist each for the national and Yunnan modern agricultural industrial technology system， and more than 50，000 training technicians and sugarcane farmers. The result technology has high integration， strong practicability， high transformation degree， significant economic， social and ecological benefits. The overall technical level is leading in the domestic similar research in China， even reaching the international advanced level of similar technology integration.
Social and Economic Benefits
Over the years， the project has adopted a combination of "standardizedcore demonstration with surface demonstration". The comprehensive prevention and control technology for sugarcane borers has been promoted and applied in large areas in 8 major sugarcane producing states （cities） in the low latitude plateau of Yunan under scientific guidance and organization， namely， Linyi， Puer， Baoshan， Honghe， Banna， Dehong， Wenshan and Yuxi. The results show that the damage has been controlled and the control effect is significant （Fig.10 & 11）. In 2017-2018， the cumulative application area reached 278 000 hm2 （including UAV flight control area of 13 334 hm2）， effectively controlling the damage of sugarcane borers. The application of the new technology has recovered sugarcane loss of 12 000-13 500 kg/hm2 on average 3 666 000t of sugarcane， increasing the sucrose by 469 000 t with the sales increase of 3.979 billion yuan， added profits of 1.251 billion yuan and the taxes increase of 188 million yuan. The research results show that the technology has high degree of transformation， which promotes the green and high quality development of sugarcane industry， and the technology has achieved great economic， social and ecological benefits， which provide technical supports for the sustainable development， loss reduction and efficiency increase of the sugarcane industry in the lowlatitude plateau sugarcane region， and make significant contributions to the economic development of ethnic minorities in the borderstricken areas and the increase of farmers income and poverty alleviation.
References
[1] ZHANG YB ， DENG J， CHEN Y， et al. Development and technological strategy of sugarcane industry in Yunnan Plateau[M]. Beijing： China Agriculture Press， 2013.
[2] HUANG YK， LI WF. Illustrations of modern sugarcane diseases and insect pests prevention and control[M]. Beijing： China Agriculture Press， 2016.
[3] LI WF， YIN J， HUANG YK， et al. The dynamics of population structure and control strategies of sugarcane borers in Yunnan[J]. Journal of Agriculture， 2014， 4（8）： 35-38.
[4] HUANG YK， LI WF， SHEN K， et al. Occurrence， damage and control strategies of sugarcane borers in Yunnan[J]. Sugar Crops in China， 2014， （2）： 68-70.
[5] LI WF， SHAN HL， HUANG YK， et al. Dynamics and control strategies of main diseases and insect pests of sugarcane in Yunnan[J]. Sugar Crops in China， 2013， （1）： 59-62.
[6] LI WF， YIN J， HUANG YK， et al. Investigation of sugarcane losses caused by sugarcane borers[J]. Plant Protection， 2016， 42（4）： 205-210.
Editor： Na LI Proofreader： Xinxiu ZHU
Project Background
Grain， cotton， oilseed and sugar crops are the main agricultural products and national strategic materials in China， and the development of sugar is related to national food safety and increasing farmers income. Yunnan is the second largest sugar base in China， with a sugar planting area of 333 333 hm2 per year[1]. At present， the sugar industry is one of the most effective industries for precision poverty alleviation in the border areas of Yunnan， where sugar is produced in 49 counties of 10 states and cities， covering over 6 million sugarcane farmers. Most of the sugarcane planting areas are ethnic minority areas along the border （34 nationallevelpovertystricken counties， 21 border counties）， with a total number of impoverished people reaching 606 600， in which there are 101 00 filing households. During the 2016-2017 crushing season， 196 000 people were out of poverty by planting sugarcane. The sugar industry has become a pillar industry for industrial poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in the frontier ethnic areas of Yunnan， and it plays an important role in promoting economic development in border areas， increasing farmers income and local fiscal growth[1].
The sugarcane planting areas are located in the low latitude plateau of Yunnan. There are a complex variety of sugarcane pests， especially sugarcane borers， which are easy to spread with the introduction of varieties. Sugarcane borers are typical boring insects， and they have become the first major pests in sugarcane production seriously affecting the sugarcane planting areas in Yunnan， which have brought extremely serious losses to sugarcane farmers and sugar enterprises[2-6]. The fundamental guarantee to promote the high quality development of sugarcane industry is to overcomethe key technical problems of comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers， so as to achieve the comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers. To this end， in this study， under the leading of the Sugarcane Research Institute， Yunnan Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences， this study investigated the disastrous borers in the low latitude sugarcane producing areas， integrated with the systematic research on the population structure， damage characteristics， monitoring and early warning， biological agent preparation as well as screening new high efficient pesticides with low risks， green prevention and control and the key technology to controlling the pests and reducing the damage， which aimed to address the timeliness and accuracy of monitoring and early warning the disastrous borers， as well as the compatibility， synergy and effectiveness of key technologies for key sustainable control techniques， with the support from the projects of the China Agriculture Research System （nycytx0240109， CARS2022 & CARS170303）， the "prevention and control of major sugarcane pests and diseases and the development of new pesticides" of the Development Plan for Key New Products of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department （2013BB013）， the "scientificand technological prevention and control of sugarcane pests and weeds" of the Project for the Cooperation between Scientific Research Institutes and Enterprises in Nanhua of Lincang （LT1112E120810002 & LT1213E130328041）. The aim of the study was to establish a key technology for comprehensive prevention and control of lowlatitude plateau sugarcane borers in line with ecological safety， sugar safety and sustainable agricultural development requirements， which should be demonstrated and promoted， solve the technical problems of largescale comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers in sugarcane production as soon as possible， effectively control the damage of sugarcane borers， and realize the comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers， reduction of pesticide control， increase of sugarcanequality and efficiency， so as to provide key technical supports for the sustainable and stable development of sugar industry， and ensure that sugarcane farmers will not suffer losses from sugarcane， thereby achieving the goal of increasing sugarcane farmers income， enterprise efficiency， and fiscal and taxation. Technological Innovation
Clarifying the species， population structure and damage characteristics of disastrous sugarcane borers in low latitude plateau for the first time
Investigations showed that the disastrous borers in sugarcane producing areas in lowlatitude plateau included a total of 6 species， namely， Sesamia inferens Walker， Chilo infuscatellus Snellen， Argyroploce schistaceana （Snellen）， Chilo auricilia Dudgeon， Proceras venosatus （Walker）， Tryporyza intacta Snellen. It found that the exotic new pest species of P. venosatus and T. intacta had fast population growth and were easy to break out into disaster， especially in the middle and late stages， when the 4th-5thgenerations of population were large in number， which could cause even more serious tailbreaking damage. Therefore， the 4th-5thgenerations of sugarcane borers were the key objects for monitoring， prevention and control （Fig. 1）. The geographical locations of the 6 borers were identified （Table 1）， as well as the population structure， damages and losses. This study also found out the bioecological characteristics and population succession， revealed that the diversity of host plants and warm winters were the factors leading to the outbreaks and epidemics of pest populations， established pests files， all of which provided scientific bases for the formulation and application of comprehensive prevention and control technology for regional borers.
Constructing the monitoring technology system and early warning monitoring network for the aphid population in the lowlatitude plateau sugarcane planting areas
Accurate and timely prediction and forecasting information are prerequisites for effective pest control. This study utilized the adult tropism， adopted the intelligent pest detection lamp and new sexual attractant， in which the light trap and sexual attract trap were developed to monitor the dynamics of adult borers. The study clarified the spatial distribution of dead heart seedlings from borer damage and the sampling technology， made scientific investigation on the field growth process and statistical analysis methods. A total of 15 monitoring sites were established in 8 major sugarcane producing states （cities） in low latitude plateau， constructing the early warning and monitoring technology system which could verify the progress investigation of lamp trap， sexual trap and development （Fig. 2）. The system could carry out accurate monitoring on the population dynamics of the disastrous borers， timely grasp the pest dynamics， release information in a timely manner， and scientifically guide the prevention and control work， providing technical support and laying the foundation for comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers. Developing the fly spray technology by UAV in the low latitude plateau sugarcane planting areas
In view of the drawbacks of traditional artificial spraying control method and the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying， labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle and late stage of sugarcane high stalk crops， the systematic development and demonstration were made to the flight control technology of borers from the aspects of the UAV type selection， screening of special pesticides and auxiliaries， integration of pesticides and equipment， field operation， technical specifications， and largescale application organization mode. The UAV model and flight technical parameters suitable for the sugarcane planting area in lowlatitude plateau were analyzed and determined （Table 2）， and the optimal agent formulation combination and application technology of the UAV flight control were screened out （Table 3）， and the UAV flight control was applied to the major sugarcane pests and diseases control in the lowlatitude plateau in large scale （UAV flight control was popularized and applied to 13 334 hm2 in 2018）. The research results provided mature wholeprocess technical support for the normalization of the application of the UVA flight control of major sugarcane pests and diseases. Moreover， an application was made for the national patent of inventing "an accurate and efficient pesticide application method for the prevention and control of sugarcane pests during the major growth periods "（application number 201710009971.6）". Technical guidance and opinions were formulated for the UAV flight control of major sugarcane pests and diseases in Yunnan.
Agricultural Biotechnology2019
Forming and large scale application of the lamp trapping and sexual attracting technologies to kill adult insects
Firstly， the sexual attraction features of adult borers were scientifically made use of to study the control effects and application technology of new sexual attractant traps on sugarcane borers， thereby optimizing and forming the new sexual attractant trap to trap and kill adult borers （Fig. 4）. In other words， during the peak period of borers occurrence （March-July）， 3 to 6 new sexual attractant traps were set per hm2， lures were replaced every 15-20 d， and the traps were cleaned on a regular basis. Secondly， use was made of to the strong phototaxis of adult borers to study the application of insecticidal lamps in the control of borers. The optimization of light source， lighting period， lamp hanging height and lamp hanging density improved the control effects of the lamp traps， optimizing and forming the frequencyvibration insecticidal lamp traps to trap and kill adult borers （Fig.5）. In other words， during the peak period of borers occurrence （March-July）， the frequenciesvibration insecticidal lamp traps were used to trap and kill the adult borers by setting up 1 lamp every 2-4 hm2 （single lamp radiation radius of 100 -120 m）， and the installation height was generally 1.0-1.5 m. The best time to turn on the light was 20：00-22：00， which was the peak time for borers activity. For years， more than 2 000 such lamps were introduced and installed， and the annual application area reached over 6 666 hm2. The successfulresearch and development and largescale application of the lamp traps and sexual attractant traps effectively promoted the progress of green control technology for borers. Exploring the green prevention and control technology model for sugarcane borers
Field trials were conducted using new sexual attractant traps， biological agents such as abamectin · Bacillus thuringiensis and tebufenozide. The results showed that the the combined aplication of the new sexual attractant traps with abamectin · B. thuringiensis or tebufenozide was the ideal green prevention and control technology model for controlling sugarcane borers （Fig. 6）， which had good prevention and control effects on sugarcane borers （Table 4）. The developed control mode opened up a new way for comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers， which is of great significance and broad application prospects for the promotion of green control of sugarcane pests and diseases， construction of a resourcesaving and environmentfriendly sustainable management system for sugarcane pests and diseases.
Screening a batch of highefficiency， lowtoxic and lowrisk pesticide products， and determining the corresponding precise and efficient pesticide application technology
Closely following the green and highquality development goal of the sugarcane industry， this study innovated technology service mode， which carried out cooperation between science and technology to realize the combination of production， study and research taking the enterprise as the main body and industry as the orientation， jointly establishing the strategic cooperation relationship between sugarcane pest and disease prevention and control. The cooperation between scientific research institutes and enterprises was based on the concept of "scientific plant protection， public plant Protection， and green plant protection"， driven by the thought that"the demand of sugarcane farmers is our efforts" with the goal of "enhancing industrial competitiveness with modern technology". In this way， this study created the 6step evaluation system to screen reagents， namely， "formulation selection， test demonstration， efficacy investigation， yield inspection， benefit analysis， residualdetection"， developed 5 new pesticide products successfully， screened 8 highefficiency， lowtoxic and lowrisk pesticide products， and formulated 3 relevant enterprise standards. The 5 new pesticide products were 3.6% insecticidal double granules， 8% chlorpyrlfos·phoxim granules， 70% thiamethoxam seed treatment dispersible powder， 10% monosultap·thiamethoxam granules， 1% Bt·clothianidin granules， and the 8 highefficiency， lowtoxic and lowrisk pesticide products were 90% thiosultapnomosodium water soluble powders， 20% abamectin·fenitrothion emulsifiableconcentrate， 72% Molosultap·Streptomyces， 8% cyhalothrin·emamectinbenzoate suspension agent， 30% chlorfenidil·thiamethoxam suspension agent， 40% chlorfenidil·thiamethoxam water dispersible granules， 0.05% avermectin·10 billion living spores /g B. thuringiensis （Bt） wettable powder， 200 g/L chlorfenapyr suspension agent. Years of trials and demonstrations in multiple places and largescale application and production verifications showed that the obtained 5 new pesticide products and screened 8 pesticide products had good and stable control effects， and significantly increased the yield and sugar content （Fig.8）， proving that they were the ideal new pesticides products with high efficiency， low toxicity and low risk which could scientifically and effectively prevent and control the sugarcane borers. In the meantime， in view of the borer damage characteristics in the sugarcane planting areas in low latitude plateau， corresponding precise and accurate pesticide application technology was studied and determined in combination with the sugarcane production practice in Yunnan （Fig. 7）， and guiding scheme was formulated for the reagent combination and application in the comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers in sugarcane producing areas in low latitude plateau， providing core products and technical support for largescale comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers in sugarcane production. Integrating the comprehensive control technologies of UAV flight control， biological agents， physical and chemical inducement and control， and sexual attractant trapping in the low latitude plateau sugarcane area， and formulating standardized technical regulations
According to the characteristics of sugarcane borer damages in low latitude plateau，the prevention strategy of pressing the former generation and controlling the latter generation， which combined "standardizedcore demonstration with surface demonstration"， adoptedthe combination and demonstration of technologies of resistant varieties， biological agents， physical and chemical inducement， UAV flight control and new slowlyreleased long acting pesticides with low risk， established the core standardized demonstration area with unified prevention and control， integrated the comprehensive prevention and control techniques of UAV control， biological control using microbial reagents and parasitic natural enemies， physical control using lamp traps， agricultural control by clearing the pesticide origins， chemical and biological control usingsexual attractant traps in the sugarcane planting areas in low latitude plateau. The Yunnan local standard DB53/T 531-2013 sugarcane borers comprehensive control technical regulations were formulated and issued， and 4 key technologies were chosen as the major recommended techniques in Yunnan Province， which successfully solved the technical problems of largearea comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers in sugarcane production， realized comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane borers， significantly improved the overall prevention and control effect in large areas （Fig. 9）， decreased costs and reduced environmental pollution.
Scientific Achievements
The project has combined basic theory with applied technology research， making careful analysis and summary of the research materials. A total of 45 papers （1 SCI） have been published in important academic journals at home and abroad， such as Pakistan Journal of Zoology， Agricultural Biotechnolgy， Plant Diseases and Pests， Chinese Bulletin of Entomology， Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University， Journal of Agriculture， Plant Protection， Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin）; 4 monographs （1 English version） have been published by Springer and China Agriculture Press. The core technology of research has won 5 national invention patents and 1 utility model patent. The research has formulated and issued 1 local standard of Yunnan Province and 3 enterprise standards， obtained 5 new pesticide products， screened 8 highefficient lowtoxic and low risk agricultural products. And 4 techniques have been chosen as the major recommended techniques in Yunnan， and 3 agricultural products won awards. The project has cultivated 1 Yunling industrial technology leading talent， 1 outstanding professional and technical talent in Yunnan Province， 2 reserved talents and provincial technical innovation talents， 1 scientist each for the national and Yunnan modern agricultural industrial technology system， and more than 50，000 training technicians and sugarcane farmers. The result technology has high integration， strong practicability， high transformation degree， significant economic， social and ecological benefits. The overall technical level is leading in the domestic similar research in China， even reaching the international advanced level of similar technology integration.
Social and Economic Benefits
Over the years， the project has adopted a combination of "standardizedcore demonstration with surface demonstration". The comprehensive prevention and control technology for sugarcane borers has been promoted and applied in large areas in 8 major sugarcane producing states （cities） in the low latitude plateau of Yunan under scientific guidance and organization， namely， Linyi， Puer， Baoshan， Honghe， Banna， Dehong， Wenshan and Yuxi. The results show that the damage has been controlled and the control effect is significant （Fig.10 & 11）. In 2017-2018， the cumulative application area reached 278 000 hm2 （including UAV flight control area of 13 334 hm2）， effectively controlling the damage of sugarcane borers. The application of the new technology has recovered sugarcane loss of 12 000-13 500 kg/hm2 on average 3 666 000t of sugarcane， increasing the sucrose by 469 000 t with the sales increase of 3.979 billion yuan， added profits of 1.251 billion yuan and the taxes increase of 188 million yuan. The research results show that the technology has high degree of transformation， which promotes the green and high quality development of sugarcane industry， and the technology has achieved great economic， social and ecological benefits， which provide technical supports for the sustainable development， loss reduction and efficiency increase of the sugarcane industry in the lowlatitude plateau sugarcane region， and make significant contributions to the economic development of ethnic minorities in the borderstricken areas and the increase of farmers income and poverty alleviation.
References
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[2] HUANG YK， LI WF. Illustrations of modern sugarcane diseases and insect pests prevention and control[M]. Beijing： China Agriculture Press， 2016.
[3] LI WF， YIN J， HUANG YK， et al. The dynamics of population structure and control strategies of sugarcane borers in Yunnan[J]. Journal of Agriculture， 2014， 4（8）： 35-38.
[4] HUANG YK， LI WF， SHEN K， et al. Occurrence， damage and control strategies of sugarcane borers in Yunnan[J]. Sugar Crops in China， 2014， （2）： 68-70.
[5] LI WF， SHAN HL， HUANG YK， et al. Dynamics and control strategies of main diseases and insect pests of sugarcane in Yunnan[J]. Sugar Crops in China， 2013， （1）： 59-62.
[6] LI WF， YIN J， HUANG YK， et al. Investigation of sugarcane losses caused by sugarcane borers[J]. Plant Protection， 2016， 42（4）： 205-210.
Editor： Na LI Proofreader： Xinxiu ZHU