在现实生活中,真善美与假恶丑总是相比较而存在、相斗争而发展的。因此,在文学作品中,运用对比,往往可以更生动更深刻地反映现实生活。鲁迅在小说《故乡》中就非常成功地运用了对比,深刻地反映了当时的社会生活,表达了作者的美学理想。首先,作品中眼前故乡的萧索衰败景象与二十多年前故乡的美丽景色形成了鲜明的对比。眼前的故乡是一幅荒村图:天气是阴晦的,冷风呜呜地响,苍皇的天底下横着几个萧索的乡村。这幅荒村图生动地显现了半封建半殖民地中国农村的衰败景象,也衬托了“我”的悲凉心境;而十多年前的故乡是那样美丽:“深蓝的天空中挂着一轮金黄的圆月,下面是海边的沙地,都种 In real life, truth, goodness, beauty, falsehood, and ugliness are always present and developed in comparison. Therefore, in literary works, the use of contrast can often reflect life more vividly and profoundly. Lu Xun used the contrast in his novel “Hometown” to reflect the social life of the time and expressed the author’s aesthetic ideal. First of all, the dark and decaying scene of the hometown in front of the eyes contrasts sharply with the beautiful scenery of his hometown more than two decades ago. The immediate hometown is a picture of a deserted village: The weather is hazy, and the cold wind rustles. There are several dwarf villages under the sky of the Cang Emperor. This map of the barren village vividly shows the decline of the semi-feudal and semi-colonial countryside in China, and sets off the sad mood of “I”. The hometown of more than a decade ago was so beautiful: “There is a golden circle hanging in the dark blue sky. Months, the following is the sand of the seaside, all species