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目的了解高山型血吸虫病流行区不同人群暴露疫水的方式和时间,为制定血吸虫病防治策略提供依据。方法2001年11月,用回顾问卷方式调查邛海周边按职业分层随机抽取的1054名常住居民于2001年4至10月疫水暴露的方式、频次和持续时间。结果种植水稻、烟及蔬菜的农民疫水平均暴露时间(中位数16-18 min／d)和平均暴露强度(中位数2．41-2．5)大于其他人群的平均暴露时间(中位数3．74-7．39 min／d)和平均暴露强度(中位数0．81-1．52),种植烟叶的农民疫水暴露频次(中位数2．04次／d)高于其他职业,学生儿童组暴露的频次和时间不高,但暴露强度很高(中位数2．34)。4至6月份是该地区的农忙季节,也是成年人疫水暴露的高峰季节。而学生儿童组疫水暴露的高峰季节在7、8月,主要是戏水和游泳。妇女的暴露时间和暴露强度均高于男性。结论西昌高山型血吸虫病流行区不同人群疫水暴露方式、时间和暴露强度不同。在4至6月通过生产性接触疫水,是成年人易感的高峰季节,在7至8月通过非劳动方式接触疫水,是学生儿童易感的高峰季节。
Objective To understand the ways and times of exposure to polluted water in different populations in endemic areas of schistosomiasis japonica and to provide evidence for the development of schistosomiasis control strategies. Methods In November 2001, a retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the frequency, duration and duration of 1054 permanent residents randomly sampled from occupational stratification around the sea in April-October 2001. Results The mean exposure time (median 16-18 min / d) and average exposure intensity (median 2.41-2.5) of farmer’s floods for planting rice, tobacco and vegetables were greater than those of other groups Median of 3.74-7.39 min / d) and average exposure intensity (median of 0.81-1.52). The frequency of exposure to peasant epidemic of tobacco planting (median 2.04 times per day) was high In other occupations, the frequency and timing of exposures in the student children group were not high but the intensity of exposure was high (median 2.34). From April to June is a busy season in the region and is also the peak season for adult exposure to water. The student children group peak season of exposure to water in July and August, mainly swimming and swimming. Women’s exposure time and exposure intensity are higher than men’s. Conclusions There are different exposure modes, time and exposure intensity of different populations in endemic areas of Xichang alpine schistosomiasis. It is a peak season susceptible to adults in April and June through productive contact with polluted water. Non-working contact with polluted water between July and August is a season in which students and children are predisposed.