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关于满洲牛录和四旗制创立时间,中外史学家多有探索,为今天学者深入研究既奠定基础、开辟道路,也创造出美好前景。继往开来,本文将从满洲牛录和四旗制创立及在满洲八旗军制中,对于满、汉两种文化元素相互认同,共同发展的有关问题略加剖析。共分四个专题,即以往研究满洲牛录创立概述、牛录创立年代新考、四旗创立时间考定和传统军制中的满、汉元素认同。
With regard to the founding record of Manchurian oxen and the four-flag system, many Chinese and foreign historians have explored and laid foundations for and opened the way for scholars to conduct in-depth studies today. They have also created bright prospects. From the past to the present, this article will analyze briefly the relevant issues of mutual recognition and common development between Manchurian and Chinese cultural elements from the founding of Niuzhu and Four Flags of Manchuria and the Eight Banners in Manchuria. Divided into four topics, that is, the past study of Manchurian cattle recorded the establishment of an overview of cattle recorded the establishment of the new test age, the establishment of the Four Flags and the traditional military system in the full, the Han element of identity.