目的通过对46例艾滋病合并肺结核患者的胸部CT表现进行总结,提高对艾滋病合并肺结核影像学诊断水平。方法回顾性分析46例艾滋病合并肺结核患者的胸部CT影像学表现。结果艾滋病合并肺结核患者胸部影像学表现多不典型:两肺弥漫粟粒性结核病多见,病变累及部位多,肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大多见,伴随胸腔及心包积液多见,空洞少见。结论艾滋病合并肺结核影像学特征多不典型,以双肺多发斑片状不典型浸润、肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大、胸腔及心包积液为多见。 Objective To summarize the chest CT findings of 46 cases of AIDS patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and to improve the imaging diagnosis of AIDS complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods The chest CT findings of 46 cases of AIDS patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results Most of chest X-ray findings in patients with AIDS complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis were atypical. Miliary tuberculosis was common in both lungs, and many lesions were involved. Hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes were more common. More common in pleural effusion and pericardial effusion were found. Conclusions The images of AIDS complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis are mostly atypical, with multiple pulmonary atypical pulmonary infiltrates, enlarged hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, pleural effusion and pericardial effusion.