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通过透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ）观察低分化横纹肌肉瘤（ＰＤＲＳ）的超微结构，并对电镜诊断标准及鉴别诊断进行探讨。ＴＥＭ下瘤细胞弥漫分布，以未分化间叶细胞为主，可观察到少数横纹肌分化细胞，其胞质已出现粗细肌丝，原始肌节和Ｚ带物质等特征性结构。我们认为，（１）原始肌节和Ｚ带物质是ＰＤＲＳ最可靠的超微结构诊断依据。（２）平行相间排列的粗细肌丝，横断面呈典型的点阵排列结构应是ＰＤＲＳ最低的诊断标准。本文对可能导致误诊为ＰＤＲＳ的恶性纤维组织细胞瘤中萎缩的横纹肌细胞进行比较观察，并对两者的鉴别进行了讨论。
The ultrastructure of poorly differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma (PDRS) was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of electron microscopy were discussed. TEM tumor cells diffusely distributed to undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, a small number of striated muscle cells can be observed, the cytoplasm has appeared thin and thin myofilament, the original sarcomere and Z-band material and other characteristic structure. In our opinion, (1) primitive sarcomere and Z-band material are the most reliable diagnostic tools for PDRS. (2) The thick and thin filaments arranged in parallel and in phase, the typical lattice arrangement in cross section should be the lowest diagnostic standard of PDRS. In this article, we compared the atrophied stromal cells in malignant fibrous histiocytoma that may lead to misdiagnosis as PDRS, and discussed the identification of the two.