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膀胱肿瘤经尿道电切术后常发生膀胱痉挛性疼痛,强烈疼痛引起体内儿茶酚胺释放剧增,以致出现高血压、恶性心律失常及心肌缺血等,严重时发生心脑血管恶性不良事件[1]。因此有效镇痛是减低心脑血管不良事件、改善生存质量的重要途径之一。酒石酸布托啡诺(诺扬)属合成阿片类药物,激动κ受体的同时拮抗μ受体[2-3]。其鼻喷剂型经由鼻粘膜吸收发挥作用,不经肝肾代谢、易吸收、使用方便,既往研究多限于妇产科、骨科及
Bladder cancer after transurethral resection of bladder spasm pain often occurs, a strong pain caused by the sharp increase in the release of catecholamines in the body, resulting in hypertension, malignant arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia, severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular malignant adverse events [1] . Therefore, effective analgesia is to reduce cardiovascular adverse events, improve quality of life one of the important ways. Butorphanol tartrate (NOY) is a synthetic opioid that activates the kappa receptor while antagonizing the u receptor [2-3]. The nasal spray through the nasal mucosa to absorb the role of absorption, without liver and kidney metabolism, easy to absorb, easy to use, mostly limited to the obstetrics and gynecology, orthopedics and orthopedics