中国历史上共出现了四次大的翻译高潮.学者们对其进行了深入的研究,但就翻译高潮之间的对比方面研究相对较少,而对同一翻译高潮时间跨度内不同阶段的对比研究就更少了。本文将从翻译背景、译者与译著、选材及翻译方式及理论贡献四方面对明末清初与清末民初的翻译高潮进行对比研究,以期对这两个时期的翻译活动有更清楚的认识。 There are four major climaxes of translation in Chinese history, and scholars have conducted in-depth studies on them, but relatively few studies have been made on the contrast between the climaxes of translation and the comparative studies on the different stages in the span of the same translation climax Even fewer. This article will compare the climax of translation from the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China from four aspects: the background of translation, the translator and the translator, the material selection, the way of translation and the contribution to the theory, with a view to clarifying the translation activities in these two periods understanding.