清晰的执法权配置是提高市场规制质量的首要条件。在我国竞争法实施过程中,频繁发生的执法权冲突现象严重影响着市场规制的质量。如何解决执法权冲突,是一个兼具理论和实践意义的课题。从程序主义视角,国务院相关部委和最高人民法院都难以从根本上解决这一冲突,只有全国人大常委会及其授权立法机构才是最合适的裁决者。从实体主义视角,构建公权力的横向配置理论才是解决执法权冲突的根本。该理论认为,执法权应当配置给能以最低的管理成本完成管理目标的主体。影响管理成本的核心要素包括规制机构的重置成本、信息获取成本、管制俘获和多元执法机构的协调成本,这些要素所组成的成本衡量体系是配置执法权的一个基本分析框架。 Clear allocation of law enforcement rights is to improve the quality of market regulation the primary condition. In the course of the implementation of competition law in our country, the phenomenon of frequent conflicts of law enforcement rights seriously affects the quality of market regulation. How to solve the conflict of law enforcement power is a topic that has both theoretical and practical significance. From a procedural perspective, it is difficult for the relevant ministries and the Supreme People’s Court under the State Council to resolve this conflict fundamentally. Only the NPC Standing Committee and its authorized legislative organs are the most appropriate arbitrators. From the perspective of materialism, constructing the horizontal configuration theory of public power is the fundamental solution to the conflict of law enforcement power. The theory holds that law enforcement rights should be allocated to those who can achieve the management objectives with the lowest management costs. The core elements that affect management costs include the replacement cost of the regulatory agencies, the cost of information acquisition, regulatory capture and the coordination costs of multiple law enforcement agencies. A cost measurement system composed of these elements is a basic analytical framework for the allocation of enforcement powers.