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社会分层是社会成员因占有资源的不同而形成的地位差异结构,社会保障制度在一定程度上可以被视为一种资源再分配制度,两者具有某种内在的天然关联。以中国社会保障制度改革与社会阶层结构变迁的互动为例,分析社会保障制度与社会分层之间的关系,发现社会保障制度与社会分层是相互影响的双向关系。一方面,社会分层对社会保障制度提出新的要求和挑战;另一方面,社会保障制度能够纠正社会阶层差距的扩大化,也可能因“福利分层”导致社会阶层固化。中国改革开放前后社会保障制度的发展与社会阶层结构变迁之间的互动,印证支持了社会保障制度与社会分层之间的双向影响关系。
Social stratification is a structural difference in status formed by the members of society because of the different resources they occupy. The social security system can be regarded as a system of redistribution of resources to a certain extent, and both of them have some inherent natural connection. Taking the interaction between the reform of China’s social security system and changes in the social class structure as an example, this paper analyzes the relationship between the social security system and social stratification and finds that the social security system and social stratification are two-way relations that influence each other. On the one hand, social stratification poses new requirements and challenges to the social security system; on the other hand, the social security system can correct the widening of the social strata and may also lead to the social strata being cured by the “stratification of welfare.” The interaction between the development of the social security system and the structural changes of social stratum before and after China’s reform and opening up proves its support for the two-way influence between the social security system and social stratification.