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20世纪上半叶发生的俄国十月革命与是一场自下而上的政治革命,更是一场颠覆传统的文化革命。高尔基和胡风是历史变革和政权交替时期知识分子的典型人物,也是新政权刻意培养和树立的新型知识分子(“苏维埃知识分子”和“社会主义知识分子”)的标志,他们经历了极为辉煌的从“知识精英”向“政治精英”转变的历程,也经历了“文化革命”背景下的茫然与再生。两人的经历反映了持“革命道德”和“文化道德”双重标准的知识分子在遇到社会现实和冷酷政治时的选择和无奈。知识分子作为社会价值文化体系与意识形态的创新者与传播者,在转型中的“新”社会扮演着重要的角色。他们在精神上和肉体上经历着“政治革命”和“文化革命”的双重冲击,不仅是社会主义文化建设的主体,更是被社会主义文化改造的客体。
The October Revolution in Russia, which took place in the first half of the 20th century, was a political revolution from the bottom up. It was even a cultural revolution that subverted tradition. Gorky and Hu Feng are the typical figures of the intellectuals during the historical changes and regime transitions. They are also the hallmarks of the new intellectuals (“Soviet intellectuals” and “socialist intellectuals”) deliberately cultivated and established by the new regime. They are Experienced a very brilliant journey from “intellectual elite ” to “political elite ”, and underwent a loss and regeneration in the context of “cultural revolution.” The experience of the two reflects the choice and helplessness of intellectuals who hold the double standards of “revolutionary morality” and “cultural morality” in encountering social reality and grim politics. As an innovator and disseminator of social value cultural system and ideology, intellectuals play an important role in the “new” society in transition. They are mentally and physically experiencing the double impact of “political revolution” and “cultural revolution”, not only as the mainstay of socialist cultural construction but also as the object of socialism cultural transformation.