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2004～2009年,在成都平原麦稻轮作区研究了不同周年耕作模式(周年翻耕无秸秆还田、小麦免耕稻草覆盖还田+水稻旋耕无秸秆还田、麦稻周年免耕秸秆全量还田、麦稻周年垄作免耕秸秆全量还田)对作物产量和土壤特性的影响。结果表明,不同模式间小麦产量差异较小,水稻产量差异较大;免旋结合稻草覆盖还田模式年际间水稻产量较其他模式稳定。麦稻关键生育阶段0～30 cm土层速效养分含量模式间差异较小;免旋结合稻草覆盖利于土壤表层有机质积累。周年免耕秸秆全量还田模式20 cm处紧实度降低,渗水速率增大,保水性能下降。研究结果说明,不同耕作模式下土壤养分供给能力不是影响作物产量的主要因素,因土壤物理性质变化导致水分下渗差异是水稻产量差异的重要原因,免旋结合稻草覆盖还田模式似乎更利于麦稻轮作田生产能力的稳定。
From 2004 to 2009, different annual farming patterns were studied in the rotation area of wheat paddy in Chengdu Plain (no tillage straw returning on the annual tillage, no tillage straw returning to the wheat without tillage, Returning Farmland to Wheat, Annihilated Wheat Land with No - Tillage and Straw Returning to Soil) on Crop Yield and Soil Properties. The results showed that there was little difference in the yield of wheat among different patterns and the yield of rice was quite different. The yield of rice during the intercrossing period was higher than that of other patterns. There was no significant difference in the available nutrient contents of 0-30 cm soil layer during the key growth stages of wheat and rice. The coverage of soil surface organic matter was enhanced by the combination of spinach and straw. Annual compost tillage straw total return to 20 cm at the compaction rate decreases, water seepage rate increases, water retention decreased. The results showed that soil nutrient supply capacity under different tillage modes was not the main factor affecting crop yield. The difference in water infiltration due to changes in soil physical properties was an important reason for the difference in rice yield. Paddy field cropland production capacity stability.