目的:探讨儿童肝移植术后早期应用更昔洛韦静脉注射2周预防CMV感染的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月1日至2017年12月31日天津市第一中心医院收治的404例儿童肝移植受者的临床资料，根据术后是否静脉滴注更昔洛韦预防CMV感染分为预防组235例和未预防组169例，记录两组受者术前、术中以及术后的随访资料。比较两组术后存活率、CMV感染发生率、首次CMV感染发生时间等临床指标。结果:404例儿童肝移植受者术后中位随访时间为856 d，CMV感染的发生率为39.1%；预防组与未预防组两组间性别、年龄、原发疾病、术前PELD评分、CHILD分级、手术时间、术中失血量、术后免疫抑制方案、排斥反应发生率等的差异均无统计学意义；两组儿童受者术后中位随访时间分别为1 014 d与731 d；术后CMV感染发生率分别为37.4%(88/235)与41.4%(70/169)，术后首次CMV感染发生平均时间分别为术后75.5 d与110.2 d，首次CMV感染后再次CMV感染率分别为26.1%(23/88)和18.6%(13/70)，以上指标两组间差异均无统计学意义(n P>0.05)。n 结论:儿童肝移植术后早期应用更昔洛韦静脉注射2周并不能降低CMV感染的发生率，也不能延缓CMV感染的发生时间，不推荐作为儿童肝移植术后CMV感染的预防方案。“,”Objective:To explore the preventive efficacy of 2-week ganciclovir intravenous injection for CMV infection after pediatric liver transplantation(LT).Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 404 pediatric LT recipients from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. According to whether or not ganciclovir was intravenously administered for preventing CMV infection, they were divided into two groups of prevention(235 cases)and non-prevention(169 cases). The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative follow-up data of two groups were recorded. Survival rate, incidence of CMV infection and time of initial CMV infection were compared between two groups.Results:The median follow-up time of 404 pediatric liver transplantation recipients was 856 days and the incidence of CMV infection 39.1%. No inter-group statistical difference existed in such basic clinical data as gender, age, primary disease, preoperative PELD score, CHILD grade, operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, immunosuppressive regimen or rejection rate. The median follow-up time of two groups was 1014 and 731 days; The incidence of CMV infection 37.4%(88/235)and 41.4%(70/169); The average postoperative time of initial CMV infection 75.5 and 110.2 days; The rate of CMV re-infection after initial CMV infection 26.1%(23/88)and 18.6%(13/70)respectively. No significant inter-group differences existed(n P>0.05).n Conclusions:Early postoperative 2-week intravenous ganciclovir injection fails to reduce the incidence of CMV infection after pediatric LT, nor delay the occurrence time of CMV infection. It is not recommended as a preventive program for CMV infection after pediatric LT.