轮状病毒是我国儿童重症腹泻的主要病原。按照WHO轮状病毒监测方案,于1999年7月至2003年6月,在河北省卢龙县开展了医院和社区为基础<5岁儿童轮状病毒腹泻的监测。结果表明:卢龙县<5岁儿童腹泻的发病率为1 3次/人/年。4年中全县共有2350名<5岁急性腹泻患儿住院,占所有住院儿童的38%(2350/6213)。住院的腹泻患儿每年有两个高峰,一个是夏季(6～8月),占全年腹泻住院病例的22%;另一个在冬季(12月至次年2月),占58%。住院的轮状病毒腹泻只有一个高峰,是在冬季(12月至次年2月),高峰期的轮状病毒腹泻住院患儿数占全年轮状病毒腹泻患儿住院数的86%。按全年统计,轮状病毒腹泻占住院腹泻患儿的46%,轮状病毒腹泻的住院率为11/1000儿童/年。在门诊腹泻患儿中轮状病毒腹泻患儿占28%,在社区腹泻患儿中轮状病毒腹泻占10%。轮状病毒毒株的分布,G3型(45%)最常见,其次为G1型(35%)、G2型(8%)、G4型(3%)、G9型(0 6%),混合感染较少(1%)。还有8%的毒株未能分出型别。在轮状病毒腹泻患者中,9～11月龄的儿童检出率最高(53%),其次是12～17月龄(51%)、18～23月龄(36%)和6～8月龄(30%)。在4年研究期间共有5～10名1～59月龄儿童可能因为轮状病毒腹泻死亡,其中有1例确诊为P[8]G1型毒株感染。初步估计,该县1～59月龄儿童轮状病毒腹泻的死 Rotavirus is the major cause of severe diarrhea in children in our country. In accordance with the WHO Rotavirus Surveillance Program, rotavirus diarrhea was monitored in hospitals and community-based <5-year-old children from July 1999 to June 2003 in Lulong County, Hebei Province. The results showed that the incidence of diarrhea in children <5 years old in Lulong County was 13 times / person / year. In 4 years, a total of 2,350 children <5 years old with acute diarrhea were hospitalized in the county, accounting for 38% (2350/6213) of all hospitalized children. Inpatients with diarrhea have two peaks each year, one in the summer (June-August), accounting for 22% of hospitalized cases of diarrhea in the year; the other is 58% in winter (December to February). Inpatient rotavirus diarrhea has only one peak in winter (December to February) and the number of hospitalizations for rotavirus diarrhea at peak is 86% of hospitalizations for year-round rotavirus diarrhea. According to the statistics of the whole year, rotavirus diarrhea accounts for 46% of children with in-hospital diarrhea and rotavirus diarrhea has a rate of 11/1000 children per year. In outpatient diarrhea in children with rotavirus diarrhea accounted for 28% of children with diarrhea in the community of rotavirus diarrhea accounted for 10%. The distribution of rotavirus strains was the most common among G3 (45%), followed by G1 (35%), G2 (8%), G4 (3%), G9 (06%), Fewer (1%). Another 8% of the strains failed to separate the type. Among rotavirus diarrhea patients, the highest detection rate was found in children aged 9-11 months (53%), followed by 12-17 months (51%), 18-23 months (36%), and 6-8 months Age (30%). During the 4-year study period, 5 to 10 children aged 1-59 months were likely to die from rotavirus diarrhea. One of these children was diagnosed as infected with P [8] G1 strain. Preliminary estimates, the county 1-59 months old children rotavirus diarrhea died