本文通过描述哲学中一种替代性的诊断实践,讲述了对伦理学与政治学中的规范性理论活动的一种批判。它概述了这种实践从康德开始,通过马克思和尼采,直至福柯为止的演化过程,并尝试通过将它与医学中的诊断实践进行对比,来识别其特征。在结论部分,文章提出,一种哲学形式下的诊断实践的特殊要素,在于它对当前进行诊断时所需要的那些概念工具的关心,以及它对这种实践在认识论上所固有的那些局限的关注。 This article describes a critique of the normative theoretical activity in ethics and politics by describing an alternative diagnostic practice in philosophy. It outlines the evolution of this practice from Kant, through Marx and Nietzsche to Foucault, and attempts to identify its traits by comparing it with diagnostic practice in medicine. In the conclusion, the article proposes that a particular element of diagnostic practice in the philosophical form lies in its concern for the conceptual tools currently required for its diagnosis, and its epistemological limitations inherent in such practice attention.