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母语负迁移是英语学习过程中常见的现象。在语音上,中国学生在读英语时常会在辅音之间或后面添加元音。教师在教学中应讲清这些音素的发音部位并有针对性地设计辨音练习。在词汇上,中国学生经常把汉语的搭配习惯错误地迁移到英语短语的搭配上。教师应当用示例法来诠释各种词汇的具体用法。英汉这两种语言在句法上的差异比较大,在进行教学时,应对这两者的语法进行适当的对比分析,让学习者了解它们之间的异同。在语篇上,西方人往往是开门见山,而东方人的语篇则是迂回式的。在教学上,可以结合具体语篇,分析作者布局谋篇的特点,使学习者了解两种语言语篇模式之间的区别。语用负迁移就是英语学习者在使用英语进行交际时误用了汉语的语用规则,教师应把英语教学置于跨文化交际环境中。
Negative transfer of mother tongue is a common phenomenon in English learning process. Phonetically, Chinese students often read vowels between or after consonants while reading English. Teachers in teaching should clarify the pronunciation of these phonemes and design-specific pronunciation practice. On the vocabulary, Chinese students often mistakenly migrate Chinese collocation to the collocation of English phrases. Teachers should use the example method to explain the specific usage of various vocabularies. The differences between the two languages in English and Chinese are relatively large. In teaching, we should make appropriate comparative analysis of the grammar of the two languages so that learners can understand the similarities and differences between them. In the text, Westerners are often straightforward, while the texts of the East are round-robin. In teaching, we can combine the specific discourse analysis of the characteristics of the layout of the author, so that learners understand the difference between the two language discourse patterns. Pragmatic negative transfer is a pragmatic rule that English learners misuse Chinese when they use English to communicate. Teachers should put English teaching in a cross-cultural communication environment.