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核聚变研究进入全新阶段。11月15日,美能源部下属桑迪亚国家实验室在其世界最强辐射源——“Z机”(Z machine)装置内开启了氘—氚受控核聚变实验。当未来氘—氚比例达到50∶50时,它所产生的能量将是现有最大能量的500倍。受控核聚变若能成功,几乎能使人类摆脱能源危机的困扰。其所需的原料——氢的同位素氘从海水中就可以提取,据估测,1升海水中提取出的氘若完全参与聚变反应,放出的能量相当于300升汽油燃烧释放的能量。而氢的另一种同位素氚,又名超重氢,半衰期为12年,极为珍贵和危险,但它与氘之间的聚变却最为容易,远远胜于目前常见的氘—氘聚变。
Nuclear fusion research has entered a new phase. On November 15, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Sandia National Laboratory unveiled a deuterium-tritium-controlled nuclear fusion experiment in its “Z machine”, the world’s most powerful radiation source. When the ratio of deuterium to tritium reaches 50:50 in the future, it will generate 500 times the maximum energy available. If controlled nuclear fusion succeeds, it can almost make mankind free from the energy crisis. The deuterium isotope deuterium, which is the raw material required, can be extracted from seawater. It is estimated that if deuterium extracted from one liter of seawater fully participates in the fusion reaction, the energy released is equivalent to the energy released by the combustion of 300 liters of gasoline. The other hydrogen isotope, tritium, also known as overweight hydrogen, half-life of 12 years, extremely precious and dangerous, but it is the fusion between deuterium is the easiest, far better than the current deuterium - deuterium fusion.