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苹果体细胞的染色体数为34,其配子染色体(n)为17,由于受精成为合子而染色体变为34。因此2倍体的染色体数是34,大多数苹果品种属于2倍体。但是,有时也产生染色体51个的3倍体品种,如老品种有赤龙、生娘、横滨5号、绯之衣等,新品种有乔纳金、北斗、HAC—9、高岭等。并且有时出现4倍体。Einset(1945)用2倍体品种杂交培育出1740个单株苹果实生苗,3倍体有4个,4倍体有3个单株。可见,3倍体及4倍体出现的频率相当高。
The number of chromosomes in apple somatic cells is 34, and the number of gamete chromosomes (n) is 17, resulting in the chromosome becoming 34 due to fertilization. Therefore, the chromosome number of diploid is 34, most apple varieties belong to diploid. However, sometimes 51 chromosomes of the triploid varieties, such as the old varieties of red dragon, mother, Yokohama 5, Fei’s clothing, the new varieties are Jonathan, Beidou, HAC-9, such as kaolinite. And sometimes appear 4 times body. Einset (1945) produced 1740 single-seed apple seedlings by diploid crosses with 4 diploids and 4 diploids. Can be seen, 3 and 4 haploid appearance frequency is quite high.