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目的用定量评估方法探索上海市某化工区液氨储罐泄漏的健康危害。方法选择上海市某化工区某公司液氨储罐为研究对象,应用高斯烟羽模型,使用MATLAB分析软件,模拟3种泄漏液氨泄漏速率在不同气象条件下扩散的浓度分布及危害范围。结果在假定泄孔为80 mm×5 mm裂逢、42 mm和85 mm孔径的圆孔。泄漏速率分别为8.1、28.5和113.8 kg/s。在风速为2.9 m/s,113.8 kg/s泄漏速率,夜间各类健康危害距离最大,下风向危及生命浓度距离为997 m,横风向为116 m;导致重伤浓度下风向距离和横向距离分别为1 829、190 m;致轻伤浓度下风向和横向距离分别为2 423、238 m;同等泄漏速率和大气稳定度,风速越大,下风和横风向各类危害距离越小;夜间的危害距离大于白天。结论在假定的泄漏条件下,周边居民基本安全,但周边企业员工存在健康危害风险。
Objective To explore the health hazards of liquid ammonia storage tank leakage in a chemical industrial area of Shanghai by quantitative assessment method. Methods The liquid ammonia storage tank of a company in a chemical plant of Shanghai was selected as the research object. The Gaussian plume model was used to simulate the concentration distribution and the damage scope of ammonia leakage rate under different weather conditions using MATLAB software. The result is on the assumption that the vent is a circular hole of 80 mm × 5 mm fissures, 42 mm and 85 mm apertures. Leakage rates were 8.1, 28.5 and 113.8 kg / s, respectively. At wind speed of 2.9 m / s and 113.8 kg / s, the nighttime health hazards ranged from 99.0 m in the night to 116 m in the crosswind. The wind direction and transverse distances were 1 829,190 m; the wind direction and transverse distance under the light injury concentration were 2 423,238 m respectively; the same leakage rate and atmospheric stability, the greater the wind speed, the less the hazard distance from the downwind and the crosswind; the night hazard distance Greater than during the day. Conclusion Under the assumption of leakage, the surrounding residents are basically safe, but there is a risk of health hazards to employees in the surrounding industries.