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目的探讨电解铅作业中多种有害因素联合作用对工人健康的影响。方法以电解铅电解工86人为接触组,同厂成品铸锭工69人为对照组,通过问卷调查、体格检查、实验室检查等方式,比较二组的健康状况。同时测定生产环境中铅尘、铅烟、砷及其化合物、氟化物的浓度。结果生产环境中铅尘、铅烟、砷及其化合物、氟化物等毒物均未超过国家标准。接触组自觉症状中有皮疹、流泪、嗅觉减退、咳嗽、鼻干、牙齿松动6项的检出率明显高于对照组;体检项目中有慢性鼻炎、慢性咽炎、慢性支气管炎、慢性结膜炎4项的检出率明显高于对照组;实验室检查项目中有肝功能、尿潜血、肝功能、贫血、尿蛋白5项的检出率明显高于对照组。结论在电解铅生产过程中由于作业工人长期接触多种有害物质,其健康状况已受到明显影响。
Objective To explore the combined effects of various harmful factors on the health of workers in electrolytic lead production. Methods Electrolytic lead electrolysis workers 86 contact groups, with the factory finished cast ingot 69 as a control group, by questionnaire survey, physical examination, laboratory tests, etc., to compare the health status of the two groups. Simultaneously determine lead dust, lead smoke, arsenic and its compounds, fluoride concentration in the production environment. Results Lead dust, lead smoke, arsenic and its compounds, fluoride and other poisons did not exceed the national standards in the production environment. The incidence of rash, tearing, olfactory dysfunction, cough, nasal dryness and loose teeth in the contact group were significantly higher than those in the control group. There were chronic rhinitis, chronic pharyngitis, chronic bronchitis and chronic conjunctivitis 4 The detection rate of the items was significantly higher than that of the control group; the detection rate of liver function, urine occult blood, liver function, anemia and urinary protein in the laboratory test items was significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion The health status of workers exposed to various hazardous substances during the long-term exposure to lead has been significantly affected.