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目的 探讨18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET/CT的最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)、肿瘤代谢体积(MTV)在胸腺瘤及前纵隔淋巴瘤中的鉴别诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的12 例胸腺瘤和23 例前纵隔淋巴瘤的18F-FDG PET/CT影像资料及血清LDH水平,对比分析SUVmax、MTV以及LDH.结果 胸腺瘤患者的SUVmax、MTV、LDH分别为(6.11±4.13)、(50.6±32.63)cm3、(204±83)U/L,淋巴瘤患者为(12.19±7.20)、(134±131.29)cm3、(341±156)U/L,纵隔淋巴瘤患者的SUVmax、MTV、LDH均高于胸腺瘤,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).胸腺瘤SUVmax与MTV呈正相关(r＝0.62, P＜0.05),胸腺瘤SUVmax与LDH无明显相关性(r＝0.448,P＞0.05).淋巴瘤SUVmax与MTV、LDH均呈明显正相关(r＝0.79,0.572,P＜0.05).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT在胸腺瘤及前纵隔淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断中有一定的价值.“,”Objective To investigate the differential diagnostic value of maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) and tumor metabolic volume (MTV) of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the thymoma and anterior mediastinal lymphoma. Methods We analyzed 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging data and serum LDH levels in 12 cases of thymoma and 23 cases of lymphoma confirmed by pathology. The SUVmax, MTV and LDH of lesions were measured. Results The SUVmax, MTV, and LDH of patients with thymoma were (6.11±4.13), (50.6±32.63) cm3, (204±83) U/L, and anterior mediastinal lymphoma was (12.19±7.20), (134±131.29) cm3, (341±156) U/L. The SUVmax, MTV, and LDH of anterior mediastinal lymphoma were higher than those of thymoma, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). There was a positive correlation between SUVmax and MTV in thymoma (r＝0.62, P＜0.05). There was no significant correlation between SUVmax and LDH in thymoma (r＝0.448, P＞0.05). The SUVmax of lymphoma was positively correlated with MTV and LDH, and the r values were 0.79 and 0.572, respectively (P＜0.05). Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT has certain value in the differential diagnosis of thymoma and anterior mediastinal lymphoma.