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目的了解重庆市某主城区初中生健康素养水平及其影响因素,为相关部门开展健康教育和健康促进工作提供建议。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,在重庆市某主城区农村和城市各随机抽取2所中学,每个年级随机抽取3~5个班,使用课题组成员自行设计的《初中生健康素养评价量表》对抽到班级的所有学生共1 832名进行问卷调查。结果重庆市某主城区初中生总健康素养、功能性健康素养、互动性健康素养和批判性健康素养具备率分别为41.7%,44.9%,38.4%和60.2%。初中生9个因子素养具备率由高到低依次为意外伤害与急救、科学健康观、青春期发育、批判性素养、合理营养、问题解决能力、心理健康、疾病预防和健康决定能力,具备率分别为78.5%,71.1%,62.8%,60.2%,59.3%,58.8%,54.4%,37.3%和31.7%。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,户籍(OR=0.750,95%CI=0.603~0.932)和家庭关系(OR=1.460,95%CI=1.227~1.738)为影响初中生总健康素养的因素;家庭关系为功能性健康素养(OR=1.184,95%CI=1.006~1.394)、互动性健康素养(OR=1.494,95%CI=1.262~1.768)和批判性健康素养(OR=1.328,95%CI=1.112~1.563)的共同影响因素。结论重庆市某主城区初中生健康素养水平较低,户口和家庭关系是影响初中生健康素养的因素。
Objective To understand the health literacy and its influencing factors of junior middle school students in one main city of Chongqing and to provide suggestions for health education and health promotion work by related departments. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 2 middle schools in rural and urban areas of a major urban area of Chongqing. Random sampling was conducted for 3 to 5 classes in each grade. Using the “Quality Assessment for Junior Middle School Students” A total of 1 832 students were enrolled in the questionnaire. Results The total health literacy, functional health literacy, interactive health literacy and critical health literacy of junior high school students in a major urban area of Chongqing were 41.7%, 44.9%, 38.4% and 60.2% respectively. Nine factors of junior high school students’ attainment rate from high to low were accidental injury and first aid, scientific health concept, adolescent development, critical literacy, reasonable nutrition, problem solving ability, mental health, disease prevention and health decision ability, Are 78.5%, 71.1%, 62.8%, 60.2%, 59.3%, 58.8%, 54.4%, 37.3% and 31.7%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family register (OR = 0.750, 95% CI = 0.603-0.932) and family relationship (OR = 1.460,95% CI = 1.227-1.738) were the factors influencing junior high school students’ general health literacy. Family relationships were (OR = 1.184, 95% CI = 1.006-1.394), interactive health literacy (OR = 1.494, 95% CI = 1.262-1.768) and critical health literacy (OR = 1.328, 95% CI = 1.112 ~ 1.563) of the common factors. Conclusion Junior middle school students in a certain city of Chongqing have a lower level of health literacy and the relationship between household registration and family relationship is a factor that affects the health literacy of junior high school students.