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目的探讨载人舱室适宜的预冷温度 ,以预防或减缓发射、返回段航天器内高温对人体的不利影响。方法 5名健康男性青年按着航天服时不通风和以通风流率 1 0 0L/min(STPD)通风等不同着装条件 ,在舱温 1 5、l0、5℃环境中进行 2 5人次实验。测量直肠温度 (Tr)、平均皮温 (Tsk)和平均体温 (Tb)等热生理指标。结果在舱温 1 5℃航天服通风和不通风状态 ,实验 2h内人体直肠温度降低不显著 (从初始值 37.0± 0 .2℃降为 36.7± 0 .3℃ ) ,平均体温、平均皮温显著降低 (P <0 .0 5) ,受试者有局部的冷紧张 ;而在舱温和通风温度 1 0℃时 ,受试者热生理指标随时间延长不断降低 ,直肠温度从 37.0± 0 .3℃显著下降至 36.3± 0 .3℃ ,Tsk、Tb 显著低于初始值 (P <0 .0 5) ,受试者有全身性冷紧张。结论按人体热舒适状态无显著改变的要求 ,航天器座舱预冷后维持 1 5℃气温对人体较为适宜。
Objective To explore suitable precooling temperature of manned cabin to prevent or slow down the adverse impact of high temperature in the spacecraft on the human body. Methods Five healthy male youths were subjected to 25 experiments in the environment of 15, 15 and 15 ℃ with different ventilation conditions, such as airless ventilation in space suit and ventilation with ventilation rate of 100L / min (STPD). The rectal temperature (Tr), mean skin temperature (Tsk) and mean body temperature (Tb) were measured. Results At room temperature 15 ℃, the rectal temperature and air temperature were not significantly decreased (from 37.0 ± 0.2 ℃ to 36.7 ± 0. 3 ℃) in 2h, and the average body temperature, average skin temperature (P <0.05), the subjects had local cold strain; while in the cabin temperature and ventilation temperature of 10 ℃, the subjects’ thermophysical parameters decreased with time prolonged, the rectal temperature increased from 37.0 ± 0. 3 ℃ significantly decreased to 36.3 ± 0 .3 ℃, Tsk, Tb was significantly lower than the initial value (P <0.05), the subjects had systemic cold stress. Conclusion According to the human thermal comfort status no significant change in the requirements of the spacecraft cockpit to maintain the temperature of 15 ℃ after the body is more appropriate.