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为总结爱尔兰出租车管制改革经验,本文将2000年后其数量管制改革路径分为数量管制解除、质量管制强化和数量再管制三个阶段。用车辆数作为运力指标分析出租客运市场体系结构变化,发现解除数量管制后出租车取代约租车而主导市场;绘制1993~2013年间出租客运车辆数量变化曲线,发现2000年前数量管制明显抑制了出租车发展,双轨制市场结构和差异化政策抵消了数量管制的负作用;进行出租车数量管制改革经济和社会效果评价发现,数量管制解除后乘客等待时间缩短、运价下降,而供给过剩、驾驶员负荷加重、社会治安冲突及非法营运等问题导致了数量再管制。研究表明,爱尔兰出租车数量管制改革不是从解除管制到再管制的政策回归,而是数量管制与质量管制相结合的全面改革。
In order to summarize the experience of taxi regulatory reforms in Ireland, this paper divides the quantitative control reform path into two stages after three years: quantity control termination, quality control reinforcement and quantity re-regulation. Using the number of vehicles as the transportation capacity index to analyze the changes of the market structure of the leased passenger transport market and finding that after the lift of the quantity control, the taxi replaced the car rental and dominated the market. Drawing the curves of the number of rented passenger vehicles from 1993 to 2013, it was found that the quantity control obviously restrained the leasing The development of the dual-track system and the differentiated policy offset the negative effects of the quantitative control. The economic and social evaluation of the control of the number of taxis found that the passenger waiting time was shortened and the freight rate decreased after the quantity control was lifted. However, Heavy load, social security conflicts and illegal operations led to the number of re-regulation. The study shows that the Irish tax reform on the number of taxis is not a policy return from deregulation to regularization but rather a comprehensive reform that integrates quantitative control with quality control.