不可数名词也能“数”

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  小兔菲菲有一身美丽的白毛,白得像雪一样。她的一对长耳朵,动起来是那么灵活;她的一张三瓣嘴,笑起来是那么甜蜜。森林里的小动物都愿意和她做好朋友,快乐和烦恼都会和她一起分享。
  看,一只小鸟正在朝这边飞来。她给菲菲带来了一个好消息!
  小鸟:菲菲,山羊伯伯的Snack Bar开张啦!他那儿的面包看起来真不错!Let’s go and buy a bread ,OK?
  菲菲:错啦错啦,你这个小粗心!bread(面包),是不可数名词,不可以用“a bread”表示“一个面包”,要表示面包数量的话,只能是a loaf of bread(一条面包);a piece of bread(一片面包)。
  小鸟:数量要是超过“一”了,那该怎么表达呢?
  菲菲:bread是不可数名词,当然是不能加复数形式的。要表达具体的数量,只能把复数加在piece或loaf上面。比如:
  two loaves of bread 两条面包
  three loaves of bread 三条面包
  four pieces of bread 四片面包
  five pieces of bread 五片面包
  除此之外,我們也可以这样表达:
  some bread 一些面包
  a lot of bread/ much bread 许多面包
  小鸟:这些词组,如果出现在There be句型中的话,be 动词应该是不一样的吧?
  菲菲:那当然!我来分别举个例子吧,这样更清楚一些。
  1. There’s some bread on the table.
  桌上有一些面包。
  2. There’s much bread over there.
  那儿有许多面包。
  3. There’s a lot of bread at the snack bar.
  小吃店里有许多面包。
  4. There are two pieces of bread on the plate.
  盘子里有两片面包。
  5. There are three loaves of bread in the basket.
  篮子里有三条面包。
  菲菲和小鸟高高兴兴地向山羊伯伯的Snack Bar走去。
  小鸟和菲菲来到了山羊伯伯的Snack Bar,这里的商品琳琅满目,看得眼花缭乱。小鸟快活地飞来飞去,叽叽喳喳说个不停。
  小鸟:bread(面包)不可数,还有哪些名词也是不可数的呢?
  菲菲:让我们一起来找找看吧!
  chocolate(巧克力);
  sugar(糖);tea(茶);
  cheese(奶酪);
  coffee(咖啡);
  juice(果汁);
  milk(牛奶);
  water(水)……
  小鸟:这些不可数名词,都可以用some,a lot of/much来修饰吗?
  菲菲:你说对啦!不可数名词,一般都可以用some(一些),a lot of/much(许多)来修饰。但在疑问句和否定句中,表达“一些”一般是用any的哦!如:
  1. I have some nice cheese. 我有一些很好的奶酪。
  2. There isn’t any chocolate on the table. 桌上没有巧克力。
  3. We shouldn’t eat too much sugar. 我们不能吃太多的糖。
  4. Is there any milk in the fridge? 冰箱里有些牛奶吗?
  小鸟:那么,除了刚才提到的a piece of和a loaf of,还有哪些表示数量的短语,可以用在不可数名词前,表示数量呢?
  菲菲:a bar of (一块);a tin of (一罐);a bottle of (一瓶);
  a box of (一盒);a bag of (一包);a pound of (一磅);
  half a pound of (半磅) ……
  比如:
  a bag of sugar 一包糖 a piece of cheese 一块奶酪
  a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力 a pound of sugar 一磅糖
  a tin of coffee 一罐咖啡 a glass of milk 一杯牛奶
  a cup of tea 一杯茶 a bottle of water 一瓶水
  小鸟:这下我全明白了。菲菲,你真聪明!
  山羊伯伯捋了捋胡子,会心地笑了:“不可数名词,是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的人或东西。它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an,若要表示它的个体意义时,一般要与一个名词短语连用,相当于中文里的‘数词+量词+名词’,其中的量词根据具体的名词不同,而发生相应的变化!其复数形式也只能体现在量词上。”
  生活中的不可数名词,其实还有很多。比如:
  a piece of paper 一张纸
  a piece of news 一则新闻
  a piece of meat 一块肉
  a bowl of rice 一碗米饭   a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水
  a bottle of jam 一瓶果酱
  a tin of cola 一罐可乐
  a pound of honey 一磅蜂蜜
  soap(肥皂)和soup(汤),也都是不可数名词,看起来很相似,但是意思却相差甚远哦!
  a bar of soap 一块肥皂
  a bowl of soup 一碗汤
  除此之外,不可数名词还有:rain(雨水),snow(雪),oil(石油),coal(煤炭),energy(能源),homework(家庭作业),housework(家务)等。如:
  1. In spring,there’s a lot of rain here.
  这里的春天,雨水很多。
  2. There is not enough energy and oil on the Earth.
  地球上没有足够的能源和石油。
  3. I have too much homework to do.
  我有许多家庭作业要做。
  还有一些特殊的词,既可以是可数名词,又可以是不可数名词。要根据不同的情境加以区别。如:
  1. fish 鱼的种类(可数);鱼肉(不可数)
  2. chicken 小鸡(可数);鸡肉(不可数)
  3. time 次数(可数);时间(不可数)
  4. exercise 练习(可数);锻炼(不可数)
  5. ice cream作为“一个冰激凌”或“一份冰激凌”,是可数的。如:I want a strawberry ice cream.我要一个草莓冰激凌。如果将它视为“冰激凌”这种物质,则是不可数的。如:
  Ice cream is my favourite sweet.
  冰激凌是我最爱的甜食。
  Both young and old like ice cream.
  不論老少都喜欢吃冰激凌。
  菲菲:不可数名词的学问还真多,真可谓是学无止境啊!
  小鸟:嗯,的确有很多内容。我一定好好整理,牢牢记住这些知识!
  亲爱的同学们,不可数名词的相关知识,你们学会了吗?让我们一起来练一练吧!
  一、单项选择。
  ( )1.—Is there bread in the basket?
  —No,there isn’t .
  A. some,some B. any, some C. any, any
  ( )2.We have two for the coming party.
  A. bottle of juice B. bottles of juice
  C. bottles of juices
  ( )3.There is a of chocolate in her bag.
  A. piece B. bar C. loaf
  二、搭配上下方框中的词,并写出一张购物清单。


  三、用a, some和any填空。
  1. There is cheese in the fridge.
  2. Is there chocolate in the box?
  3. There is glass of juice.
  4. There is soap in the bathroom.
  5. There isn’t water in the bottle.
  6. piece of meat, please. (答案请见P48)
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