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AIM:To eluciate the role of neuron specific enolase(NSE) in predicting prognosis after severe head injury.METHODS: 30 patients with severe head injury were involved into this study,ranging from 26 to 64 years old.Concentration of NSE in serum was measured in all cases within 12 hours after head injury.And prognosis of all patients were evaluated by GOS.RESULTS:The concentration of NSE in serum of both groups,with good or poor outcome,were higher than normal group.The concentrations within 12 hours after head injuries had a close relationship with the prognosis.As a serum marker to assess the prognosis,NSE had high positive prediction ratio.CONCLUSION:The finding suggested that NSE may be a promising predictor for assessing the prognosis after severe head injury.