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用光镜和电镜观察了水稻胚乳细胞及其中的淀粉体和蛋白质颗粒的发育过程;用整体解剖法查明了胚乳核的分裂方式,用微孔滤膜抽滤酶解细胞悬浮液的方法研究了胚乳细胞的增殖动态。主要结果如下:(1)水稻胚乳游离核与细胞的分裂有两种形式:无丝分裂与有丝分裂,并以无丝分裂为主。(2)核期结束时,游离核间形成成膜体,产生细胞壁。(3)胚乳细胞分裂的持续时间受到温度的影响,气温高时,胚乳细胞增殖快,在平均气温27℃时分裂的持续时间为12天。(4)淀粉体是由质体积累淀粉发育起来的,质体能通过长出芽胞或中间收缩断开的方式进行分裂。(5)胚乳细胞中有两种蛋白质颗粒,P_1与P_2,它们都在粗糙内质网上形成,P_1积累在由内质网围起的囊泡中,而P_2积累在液泡中。(6)由背部维管束卸出的灌浆物质必须经过质外体才能进入胚乳。糊粉层是胚乳吸收养分的细胞层。
The development of endosperm cells and their amyloplasts and proteins in rice was observed under light and electron microscopes. The way of division of endosperm nucleus was identified by the whole anatomy method. The method of enzymatic digestion of cell suspension by microporous membrane filtration The proliferation of endosperm cells. The main results are as follows: (1) There are two forms of nuclear and cell division in rice endosperm: amitosis and mitosis, and mainly mitosis. (2) At the end of the nuclear phase, the free nuclei form a film-forming body and produce cell walls. (3) The duration of endosperm cell division is affected by temperature. When the temperature is high, the endosperm cells proliferate rapidly, and the duration of division at the average temperature of 27 ℃ is 12 days. (4) The amyloid is developed by plastid accumulating starch, and the plastids can be split by growing sprouts or breaking apart in the middle. (5) There are two kinds of protein particles in endosperm cells, P_1 and P_2, which are formed on rough endoplasmic reticulum, P_1 accumulate in vesicles surrounded by endoplasmic reticulum, and P_2 accumulate in vacuoles. (6) Grouts discharged from the back vascular bundle must go through the apoplast to enter the endosperm. The aleurone layer is the cell layer where endosperm absorbs nutrients.