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我国已有千余台大型压力容器——球罐在运行,一部分球罐需开罐检查,据已检查过的球罐质量看,大部分存在着较严重的裂纹和其它焊接缺陷,无法继续投产使用,需进行不同程度的检修。只要焊修便会产生焊接残余应力,它对强度、脆断及应力腐蚀等都有很大影响。因此,了解残余应力的大小及其分布规律对安全使用球罐具有重要的现实意义。 本文介绍了用近两年研究较多,破坏性很小,效果较好的小孔松驰法在球罐上测定残余应力的方法,装置及测定部位的残余应力的大小、状态和分布规律。
China has more than a thousand large pressure vessels - the ball tank in operation, part of the tank need to open the tank inspection, according to the quality of the tank has been checked, most of the existence of more serious cracks and other welding defects, can not continue to put into operation Use, need to carry out different degrees of overhaul. As long as welding repair will produce welding residual stress, which has a great impact on strength, brittle fracture and stress corrosion. Therefore, to understand the size and distribution of residual stress for the safe use of spherical tank has important practical significance. In this paper, the method, device and the residual stress size, state and distribution in the spherical tank are described in detail with the small destructive method with small destructiveness and little destructiveness in recent two years.