螺吡喃是一类研究最早,最广泛的有机光致变色分子.利用光照前后螺吡喃分子结构上和光化学与光物理性质的变化,将其作为分子光开关材料被广泛应用于光电器件、化学传感、药物控制释放等领域.综述了部分螺吡喃分子光开关的合成和性质及其在相关领域中的应用,对其作为新型的荧光探针未来在生物成像领域的应用做了展望. Spiropyran is one of the earliest and most extensively studied organic photochromic molecules.Using the changes of spiropyran molecular structure and photochemistry and photophysical properties before and after illumination, it is widely used in optoelectronic devices as a molecular optical switch material, Chemical sensing, drug controlled release, etc. The synthesis and properties of some spiropyran molecular optical switches and their applications in related fields are reviewed, and their future applications in the field of bioimaging as fluorescent probes are prospected .