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微小病变型肾病是小儿常见病 ,其病因和发病机制尚未完全阐明 ,而呼吸道病毒感染与本病的触发密切相关。硫酸乙酰肝素是呼吸道合胞病毒等呼吸道病毒入侵靶细胞的受体 ,肾脏固有细胞硫酸乙酰肝素的减少可产生蛋白尿。呼吸道病毒通过硫酸乙酰肝素与肾脏固有细胞结合 ,侵入细胞 ,破坏细胞表面硫酸乙酰肝素 ,导致大量蛋白尿形成 ,另一方面病毒基因反式激活基因转录调控因子 ,导致细胞因子的改变从而触发该病。
Minimal change nephropathy is a common disease in children, its etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated, and respiratory virus infection is closely related to the triggering of the disease. Heparan sulfate is a receptor for respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus that invades target cells, and reduction of heparan sulfate, an innate cell in the kidney, produces proteinuria. Respiratory viruses bind to innate cells of the kidney via heparan sulfate, invade cells, destroy the cell surface heparan sulfate, resulting in the formation of a large amount of proteinuria. On the other hand, the viral genes transactivate transcriptional regulatory factors of genes, leading to changes in cytokines that trigger the disease .